Untitled - University of Oregon

100
thick bark of the stem gives a yellow dye called Dsumtby boiling
it with water and coagulating the extract with alum.
364. Rllbia cordifolia, L., Jap. Akane ; a perennial
wild climber of the order RubiaceaB. The petioles and tendrils
are much provided with recurved prickles. In summer it produces
small white flowers, which are succeeded with small round black
berries. Formerly the roots were collected in winter and used for
red dying.
365. Galium verum, Z., Jap. Kawara-matsuba ; a
perennial wild herb of the order Rubiaceas, growing
about 1.5 fts.
high. In autumn it produces small yellowish white flowers
disposed in panicles at the top of the young branches. In winter
the roots are collected and used as a red dye. The roots sold as
madder in commerce are mostly those of this plant.
366. Gardenia florida, L., Jap. Kuchinashi ; an
evergreen shrub of the order "Rubiaceae. It is grown wild in
warm regions, but much planted in gardens. The stem is 6-7 fts.
high. In summer it bears 6' petaled white flowers, which turn
yellow afterwards. The fruits are oblong and tapering at both
ends, with longitudinal angles. The fully ripen deep yellow fruits
are preserved after drying and used as a yellow dye or medicine;
This tree is esteemed for gardens on account of the lustrous leaves
and fragrant flowers. The petals are eaten as a vegetable.
367. Carthamus tinctorius, L., Safflower, Jap. Beni-
bana, Suye-tsumu-hana ; a biennial cultivated plant of the order
Compositae, growing in summer 4-5 fts. high. The stems and
leaves are provided with sharp thorns. The reddish yellow
flowers produced at the head of the branches are collected early
in every morning and dried to make a red dye called Bent, which
is used as a cosmetic by women. The seeds give an oil, and the
young leaves serve as a vegetable.
368. Dyospyros lotus, L., Jap. Skina-no-ki^ Saru-gaki,
Mame-gaki ; a deciduous tree of the order Kbenacea3 cultivated
in cold regions. The stem is 10 fts. or more high. After new