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and very strong, being valued for oars. This wood is commonly
called also Akagashi as the preceding.
565. Quercus glauca, 77*., Jap. Shira-kashi ; an ever-
green tree of the order Amentacea3 produced in warm regions,
growing to a height of 20-30 fts. It resembles Q. acuta (564),
but the leaves are thinner and the acorns smaller. The wood is
white, but the use is almost the same as Q. acuta.
566. Quercus phyllireoides, A. Gray, Jap. Ubame-
gashi, Imame-gashi ; an evergreen tree of the order Amentaceae
produced in warm regions, growing to a height
of about 10 fts.
It resembles other oaks in shape, but as it grows very slowly, it is
difficult to become a large tree. The wood is red and very hard.
It is principally used for making oars, and also much used to
make charcoal called Binc/w, which is prized for its great heat.
567. Pagus Silvatica, L., Jap. Buna-no-ki ; a deciduous
tree of the order Amentaceae produced in mountains of northern
regions, growing to a height
of 30-60 fts. It is a monaecious
plant. It produces hairy fruits, which expose triangular kernels
eatable by grilling. Oil may be taken from them. The bark
contains tannin, and is used next to the oak. The wood is strong,
being used for wooden spoons and turnery.
567. b. Castanea vulgaris, Lamk., var. japonica, D.C.,
Jap. Kuri-no-ki ; the wood of this tree (221) is hard and durable,
being suitable to be used in damp places.
567. c. Carpinus luxiflora, Bl., Jap. Soro-no-ki, Inu-
shide ; a wild deciduous tree of the order Amentaceae growing to
a height of 20-30 fts. Barren and fertile flowers grow separately,
and they are succeeded with drooping scaly cones or catkins. The
wood is used to produce Shii-take or as fuel. The stem has an
uneven surface, being used as pillars for curiosity.
568. Betula alba, L., Jap. Shira-kaba ; a deciduous tree
of the order Amentaceae growing wild in northern countries, attain-
ing to a height of 30-40 fts. it is a monaecious plant, blooming