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with large leaves, which is pictured. The stems and leaves are
dried and used for medicine.
442. Endotropis caudata, Miq., Jap. Ikema; a perennial
climber growing in mountains. In spring the vines are produced?
bearing small white flowers which are succeeded with capsules. In
autumn the capsules split out white fibre. The tubular roots are
collected and dried for medicine.
443. Scrophularia oldhami, Oliv., Jap. Goma-kusa ;
a perennial wild herb of the order Scrophulariaceae. In summer
the stems grow 1-5 fts. high, and produces light yellow flowers in
The large roots are used for medicine.
a small panicle.
444. Nepeta japonica, Max., Jap. Keigai ; an annual
herb of the order Labiateae. It is sown in spring, growing about
2 fts. high in summer. Reddish white small flowers are produced
in a panicle at the top of the stem. When the seeds ripen the
plant dies. The seeds are fragrant and used for medicine.
445. Scutellaria machrantha, Fisch., Jap. Kogane-
yanagi, Kogane-bana ; a perennial herb of the order Labiateae.
In summer the stem grows about 2 fts. high, and bears white or
purple flowers in panicles. The large deep yellow roots are dried
for medicine.
446. Mentha arvensis, L., var. vulgaris, Benth., Jap.
Hakka, Mekusa ; a perennial herb of the order Labiates mostly
cultivated. It sprouts in spring, and grows about 1 ft. high in
summer, opening small purple
labiate flowers. The stems and
leaves are dried and used for medicine or for taking the oil, which
is very fragrant and refreshing.
447. Vitex trifolia, L., var. unifoliolata, Schaver., Jap. ^
Ilamagr), Hamashikimi ; a deciduous shrub of the order
Verbenaceae, growing on sea-coasts 3-4 fts. high. The branches
creep over the ground
like vines. In summer it bears dark
purple labiate flowers disposed in panicles at the top of the stem.
The small round fragrant seeds are dried and used for medicine.