Untitled - University of Oregon
Untitled - University of Oregon
Untitled - University of Oregon
Create successful ePaper yourself
Turn your PDF publications into a flip-book with our unique Google optimized e-Paper software.
78<br />
<strong>of</strong> alcohol. Besides this there are sugar-maple, sugar-beet, sugar-<br />
sorghum, etc. as sugar-yielding plants.<br />
292. Nicotiana tabacum, L., Tobacco, Jap. Tabako ;<br />
an annual herbaceous plant <strong>of</strong> the order Solanaceae cultivated in<br />
fields. Several varieties are produced in different places, and the<br />
ways <strong>of</strong> cultivation are different in every place. Generally the<br />
seeds are sown in spring and transplanted in fields in summer, but<br />
in warm regions they are sown in the beginning <strong>of</strong> winter and<br />
planted in fields early in the following year. In summer the<br />
stems are 4-5 fts. high and produce many flowers at the top.<br />
The stems are, however, generally cut at the top before flowering,<br />
and the leaves are taken <strong>of</strong>f from time to time. The harvested<br />
leaves are dried and preserved to make smoking tobacco by cutting<br />
or rolling.<br />
293. Humulus lupulus, L. var. , cordifolius, Max. , Hop,<br />
Jap. Karahauaso ; a perennial climbing herbaceous plant <strong>of</strong><br />
the order Urticacea3 growing wild in mountainous districts <strong>of</strong><br />
northern regions. Jt is much improved by cultivation. Male and<br />
female flowers open on separate plants. In summer the male<br />
plant produces flowers in loose drooping panicles, while the female<br />
plant grows scaly cones or cutkins. At the base <strong>of</strong> the scale there<br />
are included small round seeds, which are bitter and fragrant, and<br />
constitute what are called hops used by brewers and bakers.<br />
Note. The processes <strong>of</strong> preparing tea, sugar, and tobacco are<br />
impossible to be described completely in these limited lines, and<br />
so they were briefly mentioned here. Besides those mentioned in<br />
the foregoing numbers, roasted barley, beans, and coix, and also<br />
cut and slightly roasted sea gardle are used in the same way as<br />
tea, and so these may be included in this chapter. The leaves <strong>of</strong><br />
Sterculia platanifolia, pines, etc. are also used as a substitute <strong>of</strong><br />
tobacco, but they are omitted here.