Barbieri Thesis - BioMedical Materials program (BMM)

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Chapter 6 – Flu uid uptake as insstructive factor Figure 10. SEM images of ( (a) TCPS and (b) ) TCPB after two days in SBF. Figure 11. SEM images of ( (a) MDL and (b) MLDL M and (c) MDDL after two days s in SBF. 6.3.7. Aniimal experimeents A total of five samples per material were w intramuscularly implan nted in five she eep. After six monthhs, all samplees were retriev ved and they were surroun nded by a thin n layer of connectivve tissue and then muscle e tissue. As sshown in the histological overviews o (Figure 12a), morpholoogically, it app peared that alll MLD specim mens retained the initial shape annd size of the granules indicating that MLD degraded much slower r than the other twoo composites. Its explants presented grranules comp pacted with ea ach other and little free availablee space filled with w soft tissues and no bo one formed in any MLD explant (TTable 9). Highh magnification images (Figgure 13) show wed that MLD granules 136
Chapter 6 – Fluid uptake as instructive factor presented non–degraded bulks surrounded by few thin layers of mineralized surface. On the contrary, the core of all MDL and MLDL implants had areas of bone formation (Figure 12b,c, Table 9) and it appeared that the granules were shifted towards the edges by the formed bone. However, it appears that MDL had smaller granule size and larger available space filled with soft tissue than MLDL. These observations indicates that MDL may have degraded in vivo quicker than MLDL. Microscopy images (Figure 13) showed that bone had formed tightly on the surface of the granules in both MDL and MLDL. Active osteoblasts were present on the outer surface of the newly formed bone (Figure 13), indicating that there was still active bone formation after six months of implantation. At the same time, osteocytes were observed within lacunae in the mineralized mature bone. In MDL and MLDL composites the granules had degraded as demonstrated by numerous crossing cracks. Interestingly, thick mineralized layers surrounding the granules were observed in both MDL and MLDL, on which bone was tightly deposited. Histomorphometry results demonstrated that MLDL composites significantly induced more bone formation than MDL indicating a higher osteoinduction rate (Table 9). With regard to the ceramics, TCPS degraded and largely reduced in size over time while TCPB mainly retained its shape and size (Figure 14). Only one sample of TCPB induced bone formation while all TCPS resulted osteoinductive (Figure 14, Table 9). Similarly to composites, bone grew tight onto the surface of TCPS granules. Mature bone matrix entrapping osteocytes was observed and, on its external edge, bone formation was still ongoing as a seam of active osteoblasts and immature bone was visible (Figure 15). TCPS significantly induced more bone formation as compared to TCPB (Table 9). Table 9. Histomorphometry results. The tests used were one–way ANOVA test for means (Tukey’s) where a p–value smaller than 0.05 was considered as significant difference, and two tail t–test (for populations with different variance). Bone volume Bone incidence Statistical comparison [% in available space] MLD 0/5 0±0 MLD–MLDL, 0.1 (no), ANOVA MLDL–MDL,
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INSTRUCTIVE COMPOSITES FOR BONE REG
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INSTRUCTIVE COMPOSITES FOR BONE REG
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献给潘臻 A mamma e papà A Stef
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Summary Summary Developing new biom
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Summary containing 96%mol. L-lactid
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Samenvatting De behoefte aan een de
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Samenvatting structuur, bespoedigt
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Riassunto velocità di dissoluzione
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Riassunto generale, ha migliorato i
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Chapter 1 - Introduction 1.1. Eukar
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Chap pter 1 - Introducction Interst
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Chapter 1 - Introduction bone marro
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Chap pter 1 - Introducction Figure
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Chapter 1 - Introduction regenerati
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Chapter 1 - Introduction Key concep
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Chapter 1 - Introduction grown in c
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Chapter 1 - Introduction Mainly, th
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Chapter 1 - Introduction All these
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Chap pter 1 - Introducction materia
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Chapter 1 - Introduction protein, m
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CHAPTER 2 The role of gels in bone
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Chapter 2 - The role of gels in ins
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CChapter 2 - The role r of gels in
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CHAPTER 3 Instructive composites: e
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Chapter 3 - Instructive composites:
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Chapter 3 - Instructive compos site
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CChapter 3 - Instructive composit t
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CHAPTER 4 Controlling dynamic mecha
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Chapter 4 - Conntrol of mechanical
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Chapter 4 - Control of mechanical a
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Chapter 8 - General discussion cons
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Chapter 8 - General discussion 8.1.
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Chapter 8 - General discussion rese
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References [1] Waggoner B. Eukaryot
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References induction of rank in ost
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References [72] Kokovay E, Wang Y,
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References [102] McBeath R, Pirone
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References molecule-mediated TGF- t
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References [159] Autumn K, Sitti M,
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References [189] Teixeira AI, McKie
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References [215] Tang L, Jennings T
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References [242] Wei G, Ma PX. Stru
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References [270] Atkinson BL, Hanks
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References [297] Sato I, Akizuki T,
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References hematopoietic stem cell
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References [352] Cullinane DM, Sali
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References [382] Norde W, Giacomell
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References differentiation of rat B
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Acknowledgments thank you for all t
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Acknowledgments desidero tutto il m
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