Barbieri Thesis - BioMedical Materials program (BMM)

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Chap pter 1 – Introducction forms a fibrous structture called in nterstitial ma organizess into sheets ggenerating ba asement mem the spacee between ceells, blood and d lymph vess supports the epitheliumm lining the ca avities and su the endoothelium in innner walls of blood vesse networkss localized in these collage enous matrice with recoil abilities, parrticularly in blo ood vessels, s these fraameworks there are also o macromole proteoglyycans. The laatter act as mo odulators of in and also participate inn cell growth and a differentia forming a gel–like solution providing the tissues w damping and lubricatinng characteris stics. tissue hoosts differenttiated cells c adhesivee proteins, wwhich are tra moleculess play crucial roles in living to the cellls that regulate their fate. I continuouusly bathed byy the interstit blood plasma. [13] atrix, wherea mbranes. To pe connected to ans–membran g organisms b mportantly, th tial fluid, whi [8] Th els, while the urface of organ els. Thanks to es, all tissues skin, uterus an ecules such nflammation a ation. [12] as if mainly t he interstitial m e basement m ns such as th o elastin mic s have tensile nd lung. Hyalu with resistance erform their s the collagen e cell surfac y transmitting hese complex ch is an aque [11] Dis as hyaluron nd immune re uronan can b e to compressi specific functio nous matrices ce receptors. [1 ype IV it matrix fills membrane e skin, or cro–fibril e strength persed in nan and esponses, ind water ive loads, on, every s through 14] These g environmenta al signals tissue framew works are eous solution similar to and chemiccal evolution in thhe primitive world d led to the forma and mutuallly cooperate. Thhe figure represe ents a fossil of th which resemmbles filaments of modern blue– –green algae (i.e. colony of thhe modern freshwwater green alga Volvox. of cells connnected by cytopplasmic threads. green spheeres within the coolony are daught freely downnloadable from the web (search w [2] Figure 1. (a) It is hypoth the ea arly Earth’s atmosphe ere provided con the formation of organic from either terres extraterre estrial monomer Miller and a Urey cre hypothesized primitive a with a mix xture of methane hydrogen and water vapo As the mixture was through the apparatus, electricity y (to simulate ligh discharge ed. After eight condense ed water in the was analy yzed and showed amino ac cids along with a organic compounds, c nowadays ation of primordia he earliest micro . cyanobacteria). The coolony is a hollow s . Each cell has two flagella use ter colonies, whicch are produced ith www.google.ccom, using the im [6] wh s the life bricks. al cells that could oorganisms found . [4] esized that reducing nditions for c polymers strial or rs. (d) Light micro sphere formed of ed for locomotion asexually. All im mages filter). [5, 6] (b) eated the atmosphere e, ammonia, r in a bottle. circulated sparks of tning) were days, the apparatus d to contain a few other hich are still (c) Natural d aggregate d on Earth, ograph of a f thousands n. The dark mages were 4
Chap pter 1 – Introducction Interstitial fluid is the mmain transport t medium for nutrients, bio products between cellls and the cir rculatory systtem. componeents in the tissue framewor rk is minor an living beinng would be jjust a misshap pen gelatinou few neuroons similar to jjelly fishes such as the blob exampless highlight thee crucial role of tissue fra structural firmness. The complex supporting struc in all tisssues, and havve unique cha aracteristics to that makke them speccialized. For example, e bon interstitiall matrix proviiding it with stiffness s and osteoclassts (for more ddetails on bone e tissue, see t side, carttilage tissue hhosts chondro ocytes embedd The balaance of celluular proliferati ion, differenti guaranteeeing healthy cconditions of ti issues through repair annd regeneratioon. [15] –molecules and waste When the presence e of solid nd liquids are e the largest part, s mass of cells interconnec b–fish and medusa (Figure 2 meworks in guaranteeing g ctures describ bed till now are o host differe ent cellular ph ne tissue has s a highly mi capable to entrap e osteob the key conce ept box 1). On ded in a hydr rated interstiti iation and apoptosis is p h the phenom mena of tissue [16] a cted by a 2). These the body e present enotypes neralized lasts and the other al matrix. pivotal in e renewal, Figure 2. ( with their m Epithelial a adhesion re floats above bladders in with 95% o material. [16, collagen. A of the fish. [1 others such a jelly requ body consi occasionally have a few the control system as water. [16–19] (a) Sketch repres main molecular and mesenchyma eceptors). (b) was free [14] senting the gene eral structure of i elements includ ding collagen, p al cells (e.g. fibro oblasts) interact (b) The blob–fish (i.e. ( Psychrolutes e the sea floor ( i.e. 600–1200 meters deep), whe nefficient for buoyyancy. For this reason, r their evo or more of water and the remaind der with 3.5% va 17] The organic ccontent includes a matrix (i.e. mes Although its little aamount, the meso oglea provides a 16] Buoyancy is ccontrolled by the exclusion e of certa h as ammonium in their goo mass s. ires the support provided by the istence quickly ccollapses (this m y small jelly fishees lay on beache cells. For exampple they do not h of buoyancy orr detection of lig nutrients are abbsorbed by the fe Image (a) was rreprinted from ref ely downloadablee from the web (s [17–19] interstitial matrix and basement membranes m proteoglycans, an nd adhesive gly ycoproteins. with the matrix via integrins (i.e e. a type of s marcidus), like e other jelly fishe es, typically ere the high pres ssure makes the fishes’ gas olution led them having gelatin–b based flesh arious types of salts s and only 1. 5% organic soglea) of mucop polysaccharide and a fibers of scaffold for the tissues t and the fe ew muscles ain ions, primarily y sulfate, or accu umulation of Unlike a fiish, which retains s its form when out o of water, aqueous environnment. In fact wh hen taken out of water, their may be observeed while walking g on the sea co oast, where s). These fishes essentially lack of true organ app paratus and have a nervous ssystem but just a loose network of nerves for ht. They do nott have a digestiv ve apparatus or respiratory ew tissue cells aand oxygen is captured c by diffus sion of sea ference [20] with permission by th he publisher Else evier. Image search with www. .google.com, usin ng the images filt ter). 5
Page 3 and 4: INSTRUCTIVE COMPOSITES FOR BONE REG
Page 5 and 6: INSTRUCTIVE COMPOSITES FOR BONE REG
Page 7: 献给潘臻 A mamma e papà A Stef
Page 11 and 12: Summary Summary Developing new biom
Page 13: Summary containing 96%mol. L-lactid
Page 16 and 17: Samenvatting De behoefte aan een de
Page 18 and 19: Samenvatting structuur, bespoedigt
Page 20 and 21: Riassunto velocità di dissoluzione
Page 22 and 23: Riassunto generale, ha migliorato i
Page 25: Chapter 1 - Introduction 1.1. Eukar
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Page 33 and 34: Chapter 1 - Introduction regenerati
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Page 43 and 44: Chap pter 1 - Introducction materia
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Page 47: CHAPTER 2 The role of gels in bone
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Chapter 3 - Instructive composites:
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Chapter 3 - Instructive compos site
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CChapter 3 - Instructive composit t
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CHAPTER 4 Controlling dynamic mecha
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Chapter 4 - Conntrol of mechanical
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Chapter 4 - Control of mechanical a
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CHAPTER 5 Effects of alkali surface
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Chapter 5 - Alkali surface treatmen
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Chapter 5 - Al lkali surface treaat
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Chapter 6 - Fluid uptake as instruc
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Chapter 6 - Flu uid uptake as insst
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Figure 7. Mass left (a) annd fluid
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Chapter 7 - Polymer molecular weigh
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ūapatite = 100 · mdry · pap Chap
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Chapter 7 - Polymer mole ecular wei
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CHAPTER 8 General discussion
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Chapter 8 - General discussion can
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Chapter 8 - General discussion cons
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Chapter 8 - General discussion 8.1.
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Chapter 8 - General discussion rese
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References [1] Waggoner B. Eukaryot
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References induction of rank in ost
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References [72] Kokovay E, Wang Y,
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References [102] McBeath R, Pirone
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References molecule-mediated TGF- t
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References [159] Autumn K, Sitti M,
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References [189] Teixeira AI, McKie
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References [215] Tang L, Jennings T
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References [242] Wei G, Ma PX. Stru
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References [270] Atkinson BL, Hanks
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References [297] Sato I, Akizuki T,
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References hematopoietic stem cell
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References [352] Cullinane DM, Sali
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References [382] Norde W, Giacomell
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References differentiation of rat B
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Acknowledgments thank you for all t
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Acknowledgments desidero tutto il m
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Barbieri Thesis - BioMedical Materials program (BMM)

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