Barbieri Thesis - BioMedical Materials program (BMM)

More documents

Recommendations

Info

Chap pter 1 – Introducction linen– an 300 BC. [1 nd wood–base 171, 172] In thes partially rretrieve the lo mimickingg the shape o been appplied in the d femoral sstem More rec regenerat mentione have striv Interstitia topograp and comp [174] ed toe substitutes on Egypptian mummie e cases, shape and mechhanical biom ost mechanica al functions off the leg and of body parts to restore or adjust mecha esign of synthetic cardiac valves (Figurre 5). cently, with the beginning of the ‘ac tion, new bioomimicry stra ategies have ed earlier, the tissue matrix x instructs cel ven to mimic it attempting to control cel l matrix and basement membranes off phical featurees, which are sensed by ce plex weaving oof collagen fila aments compo [173] an ctive biomate been propos ls in various ll fate and thu fer many mic ells. [175–177] es dating back k to 600– mimicry was applied a to foot. In mode ern times, anical malfunc ctions has nd hip prosthe eses with erials’ age fo or tissue sed and purs sued. As ways and res searchers us tissue rege eneration. cro– and nan no–sized An example e is the e random osing the tissu ue framework. [178] Figure 4. (aa) Biomimicking the nano–structu ure of gecko feet, without usee of chemical glues could be made. m (b) The b consumptioon car. (c) The snnout of Japanese e fast trains rese designed thhanks to burdockk’s hooks and is nowadays n used e animals in ( (a), (b) and (c) arre freely downloa adable from the w images filteer). The micrographs of gecko fee et in (a) and the t the web. TThe images of thhe car (b) and Velcro V Geographicc magazine [166] . TM , strong adhesive e able to hang heavy objects box–fish inspired d the design of a low fuel embles the kingfis sher beak. (d) Ve elcro even for spatial clothing. c The pic web (search with www.google.com train in (c) are als so freely downloa (d) weree reprinted with permission of th TM was tures of the m, using the adable from he National 16
Chapter 1 – Introduction Mainly, the interactions between cells and surface occur through contact guidance, a locomotor response of cells depending on the surrounding environment micro– and nano–characteristics given not only by the tissue matrices [179] but also by the presence of other cells. [180] In mid 1990s it has been shown that almost all mammalian cells respond to the tissue topography activating different cellular behaviors. [181–198] For example, various experiments showed that cells adhere onto nano–grates and align along the direction of the grating. When human fibroblasts were seeded on silicon gratings with heights ranging from 50 to 600 nm, they aligned according to the direction of the grooves with an increased response to deeper gratings. At the same time, to such increased alignment corresponded decreased cell area and proliferation. [185] Human endothelial cells had more pronounced alignment on 600 nm deep gratings as compared to flat surfaces, and could organize into aligned cellular superstructures. Likewise to fibroblasts, endothelial cells had lower proliferation with the increase of the groove depth. [186] Human embryonic and mesenchymal stem cells, bovine smooth muscle cells and human corneal cells aligned and proliferated on nano–gratings as similarly as fibroblasts and endothelial cells. [187–190] Interestingly, human mesenchymal stem cells preferentially differentiated into neuronal phenotype when contacting with ordered nano–gratings. [191] Surfaces presenting nano–pits and– posts, in general, elicit diminished initial adhesion depending on the cellular phenotypes. For instance, human osteoblasts cultured on polycarbonate surfaces having 300 nm pits had reduced adhesion as compared to smooth surfaces, [192] as well as human fibroblasts negatively responded to increasing depth pits. [193] On the contrary, poly(L–lactide) surfaces with 400 to 700 nm posts could elicit increased adhesion of human fibroblasts, but lower proliferation. [194] Pits with 100 nm depth induced human mesenchymal stem cells differentiating into an osteogenic lineage, [195] and could allow constant filopodia formation of human bone marrow cells. [196] Various studies reported also different responses to combinations of geometrical, dimensional and chemical characteristics. For instance, the topographical disorder degree has shown to affect the fate of human mesenchymal stem cells, particularly on their differentiation paths. On highly ordered pits, these cells had fibroblasts–like morphology, while with the increase of pit disorder they increased their osteoblastic character with increasing expression of osteogenic proteins. [195] When the same stem cells were cultured on substrates having different stiffness, those adhering on soft posts differentiated to adipogenic cells whereas rigid surface led to osteoblastic phenotype. [197] Recently, applications of various nano–topographical structures inspired from nature have been proposed also with human retinal pigment epithelial cells for ophthalmic tissue regeneration. [198] To conclude, mimicking the tissue surface nano–features with biomaterials might be a powerful way to handle cellular fate and 17
Page 3 and 4: INSTRUCTIVE COMPOSITES FOR BONE REG
Page 5 and 6: INSTRUCTIVE COMPOSITES FOR BONE REG
Page 7: 献给潘臻 A mamma e papà A Stef
Page 11 and 12: Summary Summary Developing new biom
Page 13: Summary containing 96%mol. L-lactid
Page 16 and 17: Samenvatting De behoefte aan een de
Page 18 and 19: Samenvatting structuur, bespoedigt
Page 20 and 21: Riassunto velocità di dissoluzione
Page 22 and 23: Riassunto generale, ha migliorato i
Page 25 and 26: Chapter 1 - Introduction 1.1. Eukar
Page 27 and 28: Chap pter 1 - Introducction Interst
Page 29 and 30: Chapter 1 - Introduction bone marro
Page 31 and 32: Chap pter 1 - Introducction Figure
Page 33 and 34: Chapter 1 - Introduction regenerati
Page 35 and 36: Chapter 1 - Introduction Key concep
Page 37: Chapter 1 - Introduction grown in c
Page 41 and 42: Chapter 1 - Introduction All these
Page 43 and 44: Chap pter 1 - Introducction materia
Page 45 and 46: Chapter 1 - Introduction protein, m
Page 47: CHAPTER 2 The role of gels in bone
Page 50 and 51: Chapter 2 - The role of gels in ins
Page 54 and 55: CChapter 2 - The role r of gels in
Page 69: CHAPTER 3 Instructive composites: e
Page 72 and 73: Chapter 3 - Instructive composites:
Page 78 and 79: Chapter 3 - Instructive compos site
Page 82 and 83: CChapter 3 - Instructive composit t
Page 88 and 89:
Chapter 3 - Instructive composites:
Page 91:
CHAPTER 4 Controlling dynamic mecha
Page 94 and 95:
Chapter 4 - Conntrol of mechanical
Page 96 and 97:
Chapter 4 - Control of mechanical a
Page 98 and 99:
Page 100 and 101:
Page 102 and 103:
Page 104 and 105:
Page 106 and 107:
Page 108 and 109:
Page 111:
CHAPTER 5 Effects of alkali surface
Page 114 and 115:
Chapter 5 - Alkali surface treatmen
Page 116 and 117:
Page 118 and 119:
Page 120 and 121:
Page 122 and 123:
Page 124 and 125:
Chapter 5 - Al lkali surface treaat
Page 126 and 127:
Page 128 and 129:
Page 130 and 131:
Page 132 and 133:
Page 134 and 135:
Page 136 and 137:
Page 138 and 139:
Page 141 and 142:
Chapter 6 - Fluid uptake as instruc
Page 143 and 144:
Page 145 and 146:
Page 147 and 148:
Page 149 and 150:
Page 151 and 152:
Chapter 6 - Flu uid uptake as insst
Page 153 and 154:
Page 155 and 156:
Page 157 and 158:
Figure 7. Mass left (a) annd fluid
Page 159 and 160:
Page 161 and 162:
Page 163 and 164:
Page 165 and 166:
Page 167 and 168:
Page 169:
Page 173 and 174:
Chapter 7 - Polymer molecular weigh
Page 175 and 176:
Page 177 and 178:
Page 179 and 180:
ūapatite = 100 · mdry · pap Chap
Page 181 and 182:
Page 183 and 184:
Page 185 and 186:
Chapter 7 - Polymer mole ecular wei
Page 187 and 188:
Page 189 and 190:
Page 191 and 192:
Page 193 and 194:
Page 195 and 196:
Page 197 and 198:
Page 199 and 200:
Page 201 and 202:
Page 203:
CHAPTER 8 General discussion
Page 206 and 207:
Chapter 8 - General discussion can
Page 208 and 209:
Chapter 8 - General discussion cons
Page 210 and 211:
Chapter 8 - General discussion 8.1.
Page 212 and 213:
Chapter 8 - General discussion rese
Page 215 and 216:
References [1] Waggoner B. Eukaryot
Page 217 and 218:
References induction of rank in ost
Page 219 and 220:
References [72] Kokovay E, Wang Y,
Page 221 and 222:
References [102] McBeath R, Pirone
Page 223 and 224:
References molecule-mediated TGF- t
Page 225 and 226:
References [159] Autumn K, Sitti M,
Page 227 and 228:
References [189] Teixeira AI, McKie
Page 229 and 230:
References [215] Tang L, Jennings T
Page 231 and 232:
References [242] Wei G, Ma PX. Stru
Page 233 and 234:
References [270] Atkinson BL, Hanks
Page 235 and 236:
References [297] Sato I, Akizuki T,
Page 237 and 238:
References hematopoietic stem cell
Page 239 and 240:
References [352] Cullinane DM, Sali
Page 241 and 242:
References [382] Norde W, Giacomell
Page 243:
References differentiation of rat B
Page 246 and 247:
Acknowledgments thank you for all t
Page 248 and 249:
Acknowledgments desidero tutto il m
Page 250 and 251:
List of publications List of public
show all

Barbieri Thesis - BioMedical Materials program (BMM)

You also want an ePaper? Increase the reach of your titles

Delete template?

Save as template?