Motherhood in Childhood

More documents

Recommendations

Info

education, to health and to live free from violence and coercion. Children have the same human rights as adults, but they are also granted special protections to address the inequities that come with their age. Upholding the rights that girls are entitled to can help eliminate many of the conditions that contribute to adolescent pregnancy and help mitigate many of the consequences to the girl, her household and her community. Addressing these challenges through measures that protect human rights is key to ending a vicious cycle of rights infringements, poverty, inequality, exclusion and adolescent pregnancy. A human rights approach to adolescent pregnancy means working with governments to remove obstacles to girls’ enjoyment of rights. This means addressing underlying causes, such as child marriage, sexual violence and coercion, lack of access to education and sexual and reproductive health, including contraception and information. Governments, however, cannot do this alone. Other stakeholders and duty-bearers, such as teachers, parents, and community leaders, also play an important role. Addressing underlying causes Because adolescent pregnancy is the result of diverse underlying societal, economic and other forces, preventing it requires multidimensional strategies that are oriented towards girls’ empowerment and tailored to particular populations of girls, especially those who are marginalized and most vulnerable. Many of the actions by governments and civil society that have reduced adolescent fertility were designed to achieve other objectives, such as keeping girls in school, preventing HIV infection, or ending child marriage. These actions can also build human capital, impart information or skills to empower girls to make decisions in life and uphold or protect girls’ basic human rights. FOUNDATIONS FOR PROGRESS EMPOWER GIRLS Building girls' agency, enabling them to make decisions in life RECTIFY GENDER INEQUALITY Put girls and boys on equal footing RESPECT HUMAN RIGHTS FOR ALL Upholding rights can eliminate conditions that contribute to adolescent pregnancy REDUCE POVERTY In developing and developed countries, poverty drives adolescent pregnancy viii
Research shows that addressing unintended pregnancy among adolescents requires holistic approaches, and because the challenges are great and complex, no single sector or organization can face them on its own. Only by working in partnership, across sectors, and in collaboration with adolescents themselves, can constraints on their progress be removed. Keeping adolescent girls on healthy, safe and affirming life trajectories requires comprehensive, strategic, and targeted investments that address the multiple sources of their vulnerabilities, which vary by age, abilities, income group, place of residence and many other factors. It also requires deliberate efforts to recognize the diverse circumstances of adolescents and identify girls at greatest risk of adolescent pregnancy and poor reproductive health outcomes. Such multi-sectoral programmes are needed to build girls’ assets across the board—in health, education and livelihoods—but also to empower girls through social support networks and increase their status at home, in the family, in the community and in relationships. Less complex but strategic interventions may also make a difference. These could include the provision of conditional cash transfers to girls to enable them to remain in school. The way forward Many countries have taken action aimed at preventing adolescent pregnancy, and in some cases, to support girls who have become pregnant. But many of the measures to date have been primarily about changing the behaviour of the girl, failing to address underlying determinants and drivers, including gender inequality, poverty, sexual violence and coercion, child marriage, social pressures, exclusion from educational and job opportunities and negative attitudes and stereotypes about adolescent girls, as well as neglecting to take into account the role of boys and men. EIGHT WAYS TO GET THERE 1 Girls 10 to 14 Preventive interventions for young adolescents 2 Child marriage Stop marriage under 18, prevent sexual violence and coercion 5 Education Get girls in school and enable them to stay enrolled longer 6 Engage men and boys Help them be part of the solution 3 Multilevel approaches Build girls' assets across the board; keep girls on healthy, safe life trajectories 4 Human rights Protect rights to health, education, security and freedom from poverty 7 Sexuality education and access to services Expand age-appropriate information, provide health services used by adolescents 8 Equitable development Build a post-MDG framework based on human rights, equality, sustainability ix
Page 1 and 2: Motherhood in Childhood Facing the
Page 3 and 4: state of world population 2013 Moth
Page 5 and 6: to health. Conversely, a girl who i
Page 7 and 8: “I was 14… My mom and her siste
Page 9: access to sexual and reproductive h
Page 13 and 14: Additional efforts must be made to
Page 15 and 16: 1 A global challenge Every year in
Page 17 and 18: ights, or where access to health ca
Page 19 and 20: According to DHS and MICS surveys,
Page 21 and 22: “Efforts—and resources—to pre
Page 23 and 24: adolescents with no education and i
Page 25 and 26: A UNFPA review of four countries fo
Page 27 and 28: Developed countries face challenges
Page 29 and 30: ESTIMATING ADOLESCENT PREGNANCY AND
Page 31 and 32: 2 The impact on girls’ health, ed
Page 33 and 34: can increase the risk of miscarriag
Page 35 and 36: In sub-Saharan Africa, an estimated
Page 37 and 38: ADOLESCENTS, AGES 10 TO 19, LIVING
Page 39 and 40: community environments, she may fee
Page 41 and 42: effect could have added $3.4 billio
Page 43 and 44: suggest that between 38 per cent an
Page 45 and 46: 3 Pressures from many directions Ad
Page 47 and 48: DETERMINANTS OF ADOLESCENT PREGNANC
Page 49 and 50: social and economic exclusion from
Page 51 and 52: seen as “what girls are for,” a
Page 53 and 54: Youth-friendly services Youth-frien
Page 55 and 56: An adolescent girl whose sexual par
Page 57 and 58: and stay in school, however, may re
Page 59 and 60: A study covering four African count
Page 61 and 62:
esponsibilities of breadwinner and
Page 63 and 64:
Child marriage does not always lead
Page 65 and 66:
In much of Europe and North America
Page 67 and 68:
Child, 2003; CEDAW, 1999; CRPD, Art
Page 69 and 70:
Young people who are not living wit
Page 71 and 72:
4 Taking action Multilevel interven
Page 73 and 74:
actions have in some way contribute
Page 75 and 76:
average household income. About 70
Page 77 and 78:
(“Open Opportunities”), establi
Page 79 and 80:
In India, Pathfinder International
Page 81 and 82:
has learned a number of lessons abo
Page 83 and 84:
change behaviour through the threat
Page 85 and 86:
contraception, through its Competit
Page 87 and 88:
and Nicaragua to strengthen the cap
Page 89 and 90:
developing gender-equitable attitud
Page 91 and 92:
eight outreach centres which offer,
Page 93 and 94:
influence gender-related attitudes
Page 95 and 96:
ehaviours of boys and girls, or inc
Page 97 and 98:
5 Charting the way forward Adolesce
Page 99 and 100:
overlooked by policymakers and deve
Page 101 and 102:
and providing a safe environment fo
Page 103 and 104:
©Mark Tuschman/Packard Foundation
Page 105 and 106:
great risk of injury, illness and m
Page 107 and 108:
• Registering all births and marr
Page 109 and 110:
not address social norms risk treat
Page 111 and 112:
Towards empowered adolescent girls
Page 113 and 114:
Indicators Monitoring ICPD goals: s
Page 115 and 116:
Monitoring Monitoring ICPD ICPD Goa
Page 117 and 118:
Page 119 and 120:
Page 121 and 122:
Monitoring ICPD Goals Demographic -
Page 123 and 124:
Monitoring ICPD Goals - Selected In
Page 125 and 126:
Bibliography Abdella A. et al. 2013
Page 127 and 128:
Page 129 and 130:
Page 132:
Delivering a world where every preg
show all

Motherhood in Childhood

You also want an ePaper? Increase the reach of your titles

Delete template?

Save as template?