Motherhood in Childhood

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PER CENT OF ADOLESCENT GIRLS IN MARRIAGES AND ADOLESCENT BIRTH RATES Girls, ages 15–19 Developing Regions Currently married (%) Adolescent birth rate Arab States 12 50 Asia and Pacific 15 80 East Asia and Pacific 5 50 South Asia 25 88 Eastern Europe and Central Asia 9 31 Latin America and Caribbean 12 84 Sub-Saharan Africa 24 120 East and Southern Africa 19 112 West and Central Africa 28 129 Developing countries 16 85 Source: www.devinfo.org/mdg5b PER CENT OF WOMEN REPORTING A FIRST BIRTH BEFORE AGE 18, BY AGE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN PARTNERS Age differences between female and male partners Niger Burkina Faso Bolivia India Female is older than male partner or up to 4 years younger 39.9 21.5 29.7 21.6 Female is between 5 and 9 years younger than male partner 60.1 34.4 41.5 32.3 Female is at least 10 years younger than male partner 59.0 38.5 45.8 39.1 Total 56.8 33.4 34.7 28.5 Source: United Nations, 2011a. 12 CHAPTER 1: A GLOBAL CHALLENGE
Developed countries face challenges too Adolescent pregnancy occurs in both developed and developing countries. The levels differ greatly, although the determinants are similar. Of the annual 13.1 million births to girls ages 15 to 19 worldwide, 680,000 occur in developed countries (United Nations, 2013). Among developed countries, the United States has the highest adolescent birth rate. According to the United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 329,772 births were recorded among adolescents between 15 and 19 in 2011. Among member States of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, which includes a number of middle-income countries, Mexico has the highest birth rate (64.2 per 1,000 births) among adolescents between 15 and 19 while Switzerland ranks the lowest, with 4.3. All but one OECD member, Malta, saw a decrease in adolescent pregnancy rates between 1980 and 2008. Conclusion Most adolescent pregnancies occur in developing countries. Evidence from 54 developing countries suggests that adolescent pregnancies are occurring with less frequency, mainly among girls under 15, but the decrease in recent years has been slow. In some regions, the total number of girls giving birth is projected to rise. In sub- Saharan Africa, for example, if current trends continue, the number of girls under 15 who give birth is expected to rise from 2 million a year today to about 3 million a year in 2030. ADOLESCENT FERTILITY RATES IN OECD COUNTRIES, 1980 AND 2008 Mexico Chile Bulgaria Turkey United States Latvia United Kingdom Estonia New Zealand Slovak Republic Hungary Lithuania Malta Ireland Poland Portugal Australia Iceland Israel Spain Canada Greece France Czech Republic Austria Germany Norway Luxembourg Finland Belgium Cyprus Denmark Sweden Republic of Korea Netherlands Slovenia Italy Japan Switzerland 2008 1980 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 Source: http://www.oecd.org/social/soc/oecdfamilydatabase.htm THE STATE OF WORLD POPULATION 2013 13
Page 1 and 2: Motherhood in Childhood Facing the
Page 3 and 4: state of world population 2013 Moth
Page 5 and 6: to health. Conversely, a girl who i
Page 7 and 8: “I was 14… My mom and her siste
Page 9 and 10: access to sexual and reproductive h
Page 11 and 12: Research shows that addressing unin
Page 13 and 14: Additional efforts must be made to
Page 15 and 16: 1 A global challenge Every year in
Page 17 and 18: ights, or where access to health ca
Page 19 and 20: According to DHS and MICS surveys,
Page 21 and 22: “Efforts—and resources—to pre
Page 23 and 24: adolescents with no education and i
Page 25: A UNFPA review of four countries fo
Page 29 and 30: ESTIMATING ADOLESCENT PREGNANCY AND
Page 31 and 32: 2 The impact on girls’ health, ed
Page 33 and 34: can increase the risk of miscarriag
Page 35 and 36: In sub-Saharan Africa, an estimated
Page 37 and 38: ADOLESCENTS, AGES 10 TO 19, LIVING
Page 39 and 40: community environments, she may fee
Page 41 and 42: effect could have added $3.4 billio
Page 43 and 44: suggest that between 38 per cent an
Page 45 and 46: 3 Pressures from many directions Ad
Page 47 and 48: DETERMINANTS OF ADOLESCENT PREGNANC
Page 49 and 50: social and economic exclusion from
Page 51 and 52: seen as “what girls are for,” a
Page 53 and 54: Youth-friendly services Youth-frien
Page 55 and 56: An adolescent girl whose sexual par
Page 57 and 58: and stay in school, however, may re
Page 59 and 60: A study covering four African count
Page 61 and 62: esponsibilities of breadwinner and
Page 63 and 64: Child marriage does not always lead
Page 65 and 66: In much of Europe and North America
Page 67 and 68: Child, 2003; CEDAW, 1999; CRPD, Art
Page 69 and 70: Young people who are not living wit
Page 71 and 72: 4 Taking action Multilevel interven
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(“Open Opportunities”), establi
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In India, Pathfinder International
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has learned a number of lessons abo
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change behaviour through the threat
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contraception, through its Competit
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and Nicaragua to strengthen the cap
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developing gender-equitable attitud
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eight outreach centres which offer,
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influence gender-related attitudes
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ehaviours of boys and girls, or inc
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5 Charting the way forward Adolesce
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overlooked by policymakers and deve
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and providing a safe environment fo
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©Mark Tuschman/Packard Foundation
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great risk of injury, illness and m
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• Registering all births and marr
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not address social norms risk treat
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Towards empowered adolescent girls
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Indicators Monitoring ICPD goals: s
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Monitoring Monitoring ICPD ICPD Goa
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Monitoring ICPD Goals Demographic -
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Monitoring ICPD Goals - Selected In
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Bibliography Abdella A. et al. 2013
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Delivering a world where every preg
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