Motherhood in Childhood

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Everyone has a role to play. The media and entertainment industries can help through positive images of adolescent girls and women. Governments can rededicate themselves to the elimination of child marriage and gender-based violence. Parents should be attuned to the gender-discriminatory messages they transmit to their children. Opinion leaders, community leaders, teachers and health care providers should reinforce the messages that all children are of equal worth and have rights to health, education, participation and equal opportunity. Policymakers must involve girls—and boys— in the design, implementation, and evaluation of measures intended to help girls prevent pregnancy or manage their lives if they become pregnant. Speaking with, and listening to, girls and gaining in-depth understanding of their needs, challenges and vulnerabilities are imperative. According to the 179 governments that endorsed the ICPD Programme of Action in 1994, actions intended to benefit adolescents “have proven most effective when they secure the full involvement of adolescents in identifying their reproductive and sexual health needs and in designing programmes that respond to those needs.” Building a gender-equitable society in which girls are empowered, educated, healthy and protected from child marriage, live in dignity and security and are able to make decisions about their futures and exercise their rights is essential. UNFPA strives to uphold every girl’s right to grow up unencumbered by gender inequality and discrimination, violence, child marriage and pregnancy so they may make a safe, healthy and successful transition from adolescence into adulthood. Childhood must never be derailed by motherhood. “Pregnancy is not like going to a party and then it’s over… it affects our studies and brings family conflicts… Before you even think about having sexual relationships, you should always think about the consequences… the future. It is important to be prepared… and to know what we want, and then we can make decisions.” Valeria, 15, Nicaragua 98 CHAPTER 5: CHARTING THE WAY FORWARD
Indicators Monitoring ICPD goals: selected indicators page 100 Demographic indicators page 106 Notes page 109 THE STATE OF WORLD POPULATION 2013 99
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Motherhood in Childhood Facing the
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state of world population 2013 Moth
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to health. Conversely, a girl who i
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“I was 14… My mom and her siste
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access to sexual and reproductive h
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Research shows that addressing unin
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Additional efforts must be made to
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1 A global challenge Every year in
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ights, or where access to health ca
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According to DHS and MICS surveys,
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“Efforts—and resources—to pre
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adolescents with no education and i
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A UNFPA review of four countries fo
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Developed countries face challenges
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ESTIMATING ADOLESCENT PREGNANCY AND
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2 The impact on girls’ health, ed
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can increase the risk of miscarriag
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In sub-Saharan Africa, an estimated
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ADOLESCENTS, AGES 10 TO 19, LIVING
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community environments, she may fee
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effect could have added $3.4 billio
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suggest that between 38 per cent an
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3 Pressures from many directions Ad
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DETERMINANTS OF ADOLESCENT PREGNANC
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social and economic exclusion from
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seen as “what girls are for,” a
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Youth-friendly services Youth-frien
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An adolescent girl whose sexual par
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and stay in school, however, may re
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A study covering four African count
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Page 125 and 126: Bibliography Abdella A. et al. 2013
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