EVEREST June, 2013 - California Department of Boating and ...

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Orange County Coastal Regional Sediment Management Plan originated. As the upland areas erode through natural and anthropogenic processes, a broad array of sediment is carried downstream through rivers, streams, creeks and flood control channels. Historically, the sediment load from these upland sources provided the majority of beach sediments (Griggs and Savoy, 1985; Richmond et. al., 2007). These upland sources have diminished as urban development hardens landscapes, and dams, reservoirs and debris basins trap sediment that was historically bound for the coast. A watershed is an area of land that drains all the streams and rainfall to a common outlet such as the outflow of a reservoir, mouth of a bay, or any point along a stream channel (USGS, 2011). The term watershed is sometimes used interchangeably with drainage basin or catchment. A watershed includes both the streams and rivers that convey the water as well as the land surfaces from which water drains into those channels, and is separated from adjacent watersheds by a drainage divide. The watershed concept is so pervasive that government agencies have been developed to solve water related issues that are best addressed on a watershed basis. Watersheds within Orange County are shown in Figure 2.3 (County of Orange, 2008). While sediments travel in watersheds, they are not typically the focus of watershed concerns and once sediments reach the coast they leave the watershed and enter what are known as littoral cells (see Chapter 2.3). Alternately, the term sedimentshed (Martin, 2005) focuses on sediment issues as the term watershed focuses on water issues. A sedimentshed is the area over which the lifecycle of sediment transport occurs, encompassing upland watersheds and coastal deposition areas in or outside the littoral zone. The sedimentshed concept would seem a logical approach for planning and regulating RSM issues. In the remainder of this report, watershed describes upland regions that drain into the littoral regions and sedimentshed is used where both regions are combined. Everest International Consultants, Inc. 2.5
Orange County Coastal Regional Sediment Management Plan Figure 2.3 Orange County Watersheds (County of Orange, 2008) 2.2.2 Ocean Water Levels Ocean water levels, in part, determine the shape and width of the beaches along the Orange County coast. The primary factors that affect ocean water levels in Orange County are: 1) astronomical tides, 2) sea level rise, 3) storms components, and 4) global climatic oscillations. Tides Astronomical tides in Orange County are of the mixed semidiurnal type, with two highs and two lows of unequal heights occurring each lunar day. Because tides occur at a large spatial scale, Everest International Consultants, Inc. 2.6
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