CHEM02200704003 Nilamadhab Pandhy - Homi Bhabha National ...

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6.2.3.2 Open circuit potential vs. time measurement………… 146 6.2.3.3 Electrochemical impedance analysis…………………... 147 6.2.3.4 Potentiodynamic polarization study……………………. 151 6.2.3.5 Morphological investigation after potentiodynamic polarization study………............................................ 154 7 C H A P T E R 7 155 -. 7.1 Conclusions from study on the morphological and compositional analysis of passive film on AISI 304L stainless steel in nitric acid medium……………………………………………………………….. 155 7.2 Conclusions from study on corrosion behaviour of nitrogen ion implanted AISI 304L stainless steel in nitric acid medium…………… 156 7.3 Conclusions from study on corrosion performance of Ti, TiO 2 and duplex Ti-TiO 2 coated AISI 304L stainless steel in nitric acid medium.. 158 7.4 Summary…………………………………………………………….. 159 7.5 Scope for future work……………………………………………….. 161 V List of references……………………………………………………… 163 VI Publications, awards & honours………………………………………. 174 -
American Iron and Steel Institute (AISI) type 304L stainless steel (SS) is the largest material of construction used in spent nuclear fuel reprocessing plants due to its good corrosion resistance, adequate mechanical properties, and affordable cost [1,2]. Moreover, these materials are readily available, and are easy to weld and fabricate. The versatile application of 304L SS in the fuel reprocessing plant have been critically evaluated over the years for predicting the corrosion rate, reliability in aggressive situations, and their economic competence. Special emphasis was given towards their structure, properties, and maintenance free aspects in order to perform satisfactorily for decades leading to uninterrupted operation of the plant. Major applications of 304L SS in the nuclear fuel reprocessing plant includes as vessels and tanks for dissolver and solvent extraction equipments, evaporators, lining of floors and walls of the contaminate area, off-gas treatment systems, piping for the flow of process fluid, and in many other critical components. In addition, type 304L SS is used for storage and transportation of waste generated from spent nuclear fuel reprocessing plant. The choice of 304L SS is also due to low absorption of radioactivity, and easiness in decontaminating by specific reagents without substantial corrosion to the material. Thus, the large scale use of 304L SS for process vessels, and as hundreds of kilometers of piping involves possible use of several hundred tons of material in the overall construction of a reprocessing plant. Nitric acid at various concentrations and at different temperatures is the main process medium for spent nuclear fuel dissolution as well as for various stages of extraction and separation process in aqueous nuclear fuel reprocessing [3-7]. The selection of nitric acid for spent fuel dissolution is due to fastest reaction kinetics with spent fuel in the finely divided state. Moreover, the advantage of using nitric acid is because, it is a good salting agent, posses low viscosity, surface tension, and easy to separate from the raffinate. Nitric acid after
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Page 8 and 9: 2.3 Effect of alloying elements on
Page 10 and 11: 4 C H A P T E R 4 73 # $%&' 4.1 In
Page 14 and 15: eprocessing can be recovered, and c
Page 16 and 17: The ex-situ study of passive film w
Page 18 and 19: Fig.3.10: Schematic of electrical e
Page 20 and 21: Fig.6.11: Polarization study of unc
Page 22 and 23: AISI: American Institute of Steel I
Page 24 and 25: Chapter 1 C H A P T E R 1 Spent Nuc
Page 26 and 27: Chapter 1 1.3 Challenges in spent n
Page 28 and 29: Chapter 1 corrosion resistance. The
Page 30 and 31: Chapter 1 choice of zirconium is du
Page 32 and 33: C H A P T E R2
Page 34 and 35: Chapter 2 temperature, (c) higher i
Page 36 and 37: Chapter 2 Chromium in excess of 12
Page 38 and 39: Chapter 2 2. 3 Effect of alloying e
Page 40 and 41: Chapter 2 The twins are identified
Page 42 and 43: Chapter 2 and at temperature around
Page 44 and 45: Chapter 2 of adsorption of oxygen o
Page 46 and 47: Chapter 2 transpassive dissolution
Page 48 and 49: Chapter 2 healing chromium oxide fi
Page 50 and 51: Chapter 2 their segregation to the
Page 52 and 53: Chapter 2 is intimately related to
Page 54 and 55: Chapter 2 in nature because the dis
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Page 58 and 59: Chapter 3 3.1.1.2 Specimen preparat
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Chapter 3 various industrial applic
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Chapter 3 In the present investigat
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Chapter 3 3.1.3.2 Atomic force micr
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Chapter 3 present on the surface fo
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Chapter 3 necessary condition is th
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Chapter 3 Y m is the sputter yield.
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Chapter 3 Fig. 3.7: Schematic of X-
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Chapter 3 rate of 10Å/min using 5
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Chapter 3 different doses of nitrog
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Chapter 3 The modulus of electroche
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Chapter 3 equivalent circuit as sho
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Chapter 3 reference electrode with
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Chapter 3 for understanding the pas
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C H A P T E R4
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Chapter 4 encountered by all materi
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Chapter 4 pitting, and intergranula
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Chapter 4 The ridged structure, and
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Chapter 4 nitric acid is that the b
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Chapter 4 Potential (V) Vs Ag/AgCl
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Chapter 4 4.2.3 In-situ electrochem
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Chapter 4 The surface morphologies
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Chapter 4 a b c d Opening up of gra
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Chapter 4 Intensity (Arbitrary unit
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Chapter 4 The chromium, and oxygen
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Chapter 4 Intensity (Arbitrary unit
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C H A P T E R5
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Chapter 5 elements, and often impar
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Chapter 5 5.2 Results and discussi
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Chapter 5 Presence of oxygen is due
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Chapter 5 was an increase in marten
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Chapter 5 formation of Cr 2 N was a
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Chapter 5 electrochemical environme
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Chapter 5 N + Dose E corr (mV vs. A
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Chapter 5 layer capacitance (C dl )
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Chapter 5 correlation between surfa
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Chapter 5 boundary dissolution was
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Chapter 6 C H A P T E R 6
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Chapter 6 193]. As a single phase c
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Chapter 6 particles range from 8×1
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Chapter 6 Results revealed that in
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Chapter 6 The change over from capa
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Chapter 6 The impedance parameters
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Chapter 6 Conc. Substrate condition
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Chapter 6 6.6a-d. The uncoated spec
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Chapter 6 (55.18°) respectively, w
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Chapter 6 OCP shifted in noble dire
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Chapter 6 The high phase angle over
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Chapter 6 Fig. 6.10d: Log f vs. Log
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Chapter 6 Fig. 6.11b: Polarization
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Chapter 6 Covalent aspect of lattic
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Chapter 6 As compared to uncoated s
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Chapter 6 6.2.3.2 Open circuit pote
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Chapter 6 Similarly, the plots for
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Chapter 6 for the duplex coating, a
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Chapter 6 Fig.6.16b: Polarization s
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Chapter 6 6.2.3.5 Morphological exa
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Chapter 7 C H A P T E R 7 The cha
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Chapter 7 1. Surface morphology exa
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Chapter 7 6 Duplex Ti-TiO 2 coated
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Chapter 7 EC-SPM study on effect
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[1] Baldev Raj, U. Kamachi Mudali,
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[37] G. Okamoto, T. Shibata, Corros
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[79] M. Moens, M. Van Craen, F.C. A
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[117] R.E.Williford, C.F.Windisch J
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[157] N. Mottu, M. Vayer, R. Erre,
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[197] M. Metikos Hukovic, M. Ceraj
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[19] H. H. Uhlig, Corros Sci, 19 (1
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[57] J. F. Ziegler, J. P. Biersack,
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[97] I. Betova, M. Bojinov, V. Kara
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[139] V. Ashworth, R. P. M. Procter
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[176] G. Frankel, G. Grundmeier, H.
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List of publications 1. Referred
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CHEM02200704003 Nilamadhab Pandhy - Homi Bhabha National ...

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