CHEM02200704003 Nilamadhab Pandhy - Homi Bhabha National ...

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The ex-situ study of passive film was carried out using atomic force microscope (AFM) after exposing AISI 304L SS in various concentrations of nitric acid for different duration to understand the time-dependent surface morphological changes in passive film. The in-situ study was carried out using Electrochemical AFM (EC-AFM) at a particular location of the specimen (without changing specimen position) for increasing concentration of nitric acid to examine the sequential change in passive film morphology to elucidate the process of formation and dissolution. Apart from this the change in chemical composition of the passive film in nitric acid medium has been analyzed using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The effect of surface modification of AISI 304L SS by nitrogen ion implantation, and sputter deposited Ti, TiO 2 and Ti-TiO 2 coating on the corrosion behaviour in nitric acid medium have been investigated as corrosion is mostly a surface phenomenon. The sub-surface modification of AISI 304L SS has been carried out by nitrogen ion implantation. The surface modifications occurring and the extent of improvement in corrosion resistance in nitric acid medium by nitrogen ion implantation have been analyzed as compared to unimplanted specimen. Similarly, the top-surface modification of AISI 304L SS has been carried out by anticorrosive Ti, TiO 2 and duplex Ti-TiO 2 coating using magnetron sputtering. The coating properties and its corrosion resistance have been examined from dilute to concentrated nitric acid medium as compared to uncoated specimens
Sl No Title Page No Fig.1.1: Schematic of a typical PUREX process………………………………... 13 Fig.2.1: Fe-C equilibrium phase diagram……………………………………….. 20 Fig.2.2: Fe-Cr equilibrium phase diagram……………………………………… 21 Fig.2.3: Fe-Cr-Ni ternary phase diagram……………………………………….. 22 Fig.2.4: Different type of stainless steel with addition of alloying element starting from 18-8 stainless Steel………………………………………. 23 Fig.2.5: Microstructure of austenitic stainless steel……………………………. 26 Fig.2.6: Schematic of reduction mechanism of nitric acid (a) Low to moderate concentration (< 8 M/Liter) (b) High concentration (8M/Liter)………. 33 Fig.2.7: Intergranular corrosion of austenitic stainless steel in nitric acid……… 35 Fig.2.8: (a) Schematic of end-grain (b) a typical end-grain attack in austenitic stainless steel…………………………………………………………… 36 Fig.2.9: Transpassive dissolution of austenitic stainless steel in nitric acid…………………………………………………………………….. 38 Fig.2.10: Pitting corrosion austenitic stainless steel in nitric acid medium containing chloride ions……………………………………………….. 39 Fig. 3.1: Schematic of ion implantation using accelerator……………………… 44 Fig. 3.2: Schematic of magnetron sputtering……………………………………. 48 Fig. 3.3: Schematic of an optical microscope…………………………………… 50 Fig. 3.4: Schematic of atomic force microscope………………………………… 52 Fig. 3.5: Schematic of Glancing Incidence X-ray Diffraction…………………... 54 Fig. 3.6: Schematic of Secondary Ion Mass Spectroscopy……………………… 57 Fig. 3.7: Schematic of X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy……………………... 59 Fig. 3.8: Schematic of an electrochemical cell for corrosion study…………….. 62 Fig. 3.9: Schematic of an electrode-electrolyte interface in electrochemical impedance spectroscopy……………………………………………….. 66
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Page 8 and 9: 2.3 Effect of alloying elements on
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Page 12 and 13: 6.2.3.2 Open circuit potential vs.
Page 14 and 15: eprocessing can be recovered, and c
Page 18 and 19: Fig.3.10: Schematic of electrical e
Page 20 and 21: Fig.6.11: Polarization study of unc
Page 22 and 23: AISI: American Institute of Steel I
Page 24 and 25: Chapter 1 C H A P T E R 1 Spent Nuc
Page 26 and 27: Chapter 1 1.3 Challenges in spent n
Page 28 and 29: Chapter 1 corrosion resistance. The
Page 30 and 31: Chapter 1 choice of zirconium is du
Page 32 and 33: C H A P T E R2
Page 34 and 35: Chapter 2 temperature, (c) higher i
Page 36 and 37: Chapter 2 Chromium in excess of 12
Page 38 and 39: Chapter 2 2. 3 Effect of alloying e
Page 40 and 41: Chapter 2 The twins are identified
Page 42 and 43: Chapter 2 and at temperature around
Page 44 and 45: Chapter 2 of adsorption of oxygen o
Page 46 and 47: Chapter 2 transpassive dissolution
Page 48 and 49: Chapter 2 healing chromium oxide fi
Page 50 and 51: Chapter 2 their segregation to the
Page 52 and 53: Chapter 2 is intimately related to
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Page 58 and 59: Chapter 3 3.1.1.2 Specimen preparat
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Chapter 3 3.1.3.2 Atomic force micr
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Chapter 3 present on the surface fo
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Chapter 3 necessary condition is th
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Chapter 3 Y m is the sputter yield.
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Chapter 3 Fig. 3.7: Schematic of X-
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Chapter 3 rate of 10Å/min using 5
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Chapter 3 different doses of nitrog
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Chapter 3 The modulus of electroche
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Chapter 3 equivalent circuit as sho
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Chapter 3 reference electrode with
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Chapter 3 for understanding the pas
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C H A P T E R4
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Chapter 4 encountered by all materi
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Chapter 4 pitting, and intergranula
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Chapter 4 The ridged structure, and
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Chapter 4 nitric acid is that the b
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Chapter 4 Potential (V) Vs Ag/AgCl
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Chapter 4 4.2.3 In-situ electrochem
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Chapter 4 The surface morphologies
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Chapter 4 a b c d Opening up of gra
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Chapter 4 Intensity (Arbitrary unit
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Chapter 4 The chromium, and oxygen
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Chapter 4 Intensity (Arbitrary unit
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C H A P T E R5
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Chapter 5 elements, and often impar
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Chapter 5 5.2 Results and discussi
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Chapter 5 Presence of oxygen is due
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Chapter 5 was an increase in marten
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Chapter 5 formation of Cr 2 N was a
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Chapter 5 electrochemical environme
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Chapter 5 N + Dose E corr (mV vs. A
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Chapter 5 layer capacitance (C dl )
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Chapter 5 correlation between surfa
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Chapter 5 boundary dissolution was
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Chapter 6 C H A P T E R 6
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Chapter 6 193]. As a single phase c
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Chapter 6 particles range from 8×1
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Chapter 6 Results revealed that in
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Chapter 6 The change over from capa
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Chapter 6 The impedance parameters
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Chapter 6 Conc. Substrate condition
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Chapter 6 6.6a-d. The uncoated spec
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Chapter 6 (55.18°) respectively, w
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Chapter 6 OCP shifted in noble dire
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Chapter 6 The high phase angle over
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Chapter 6 Fig. 6.10d: Log f vs. Log
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Chapter 6 Fig. 6.11b: Polarization
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Chapter 6 Covalent aspect of lattic
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Chapter 6 As compared to uncoated s
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Chapter 6 6.2.3.2 Open circuit pote
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Chapter 6 Similarly, the plots for
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Chapter 6 for the duplex coating, a
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Chapter 6 Fig.6.16b: Polarization s
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Chapter 6 6.2.3.5 Morphological exa
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Chapter 7 C H A P T E R 7 The cha
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Chapter 7 1. Surface morphology exa
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Chapter 7 6 Duplex Ti-TiO 2 coated
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Chapter 7 EC-SPM study on effect
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[1] Baldev Raj, U. Kamachi Mudali,
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[37] G. Okamoto, T. Shibata, Corros
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[79] M. Moens, M. Van Craen, F.C. A
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[117] R.E.Williford, C.F.Windisch J
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[157] N. Mottu, M. Vayer, R. Erre,
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[197] M. Metikos Hukovic, M. Ceraj
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[19] H. H. Uhlig, Corros Sci, 19 (1
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[57] J. F. Ziegler, J. P. Biersack,
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[97] I. Betova, M. Bojinov, V. Kara
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[139] V. Ashworth, R. P. M. Procter
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[176] G. Frankel, G. Grundmeier, H.
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List of publications 1. Referred
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CHEM02200704003 Nilamadhab Pandhy - Homi Bhabha National ...

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