Guide for Community Assessments on Women's Health Care - ICRW

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A n n e x A : Fact Sheets A1. HIV and AIDS and HIV Transmission* A2. Why Women are More Vulnerable to HIV than Men A3. Condoms* A4. Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs)* A5. Opportunistic Infections (OIs) A6. Thrush* A7. Post-exposure Prophylaxis (PEP) A8. Human Rights and HIV* A9. Pregnancy, Child Birth and Feeding Your Baby* A10. Gender-based Violence A11. Cervical Cancer and Pap Smear Tests *Adapted from fact sheets produced by the International <strong>Community</strong> of Women Living with HIV/AIDS (http://www.icw.org). 76 Annex A: Fact Sheets
A1. HIV and AIDS and HIV Transmission A Brief Definition of HIV and AIDS HIV stands <strong>for</strong> human immunodeficiency virus. If you are HIV-positive you are infected with this virus. Your body reacts by producing HIV antibodies. If you have access to an HIV blood test it will show these antibodies. If you are HIV-positive you may have no symptoms and may remain healthy <strong>for</strong> many years. However, no matter how well you feel, the virus remains in your body and can be passed on to other people. AIDS stands <strong>for</strong> acquired immune deficiency syndrome. If you are HIV-positive your immune system may be weakened, making you vulnerable to a group of illnesses (syndromes) that would not affect a healthy person without the virus. These illnesses include tuberculosis, some cancers, and eye, skin and nervous system conditions. Though these can be serious, being diagnosed with AIDS does not mean you cannot recover your health. Many HIV-positive people have a serious illness, but recover and go on to live well.   HIV Transmission HIV can be transmitted through: ●● ●● ●● ●● ●● unprotected (without a condom) vaginal or anal sex with someone who is HIV-positive. sharing syringes and injecting equipment that have not been properly cleaned. contaminated medical equipment that has not been properly cleaned. being given untested blood transfusions or blood products that are infected with HIV. donor insemination with HIV-infected semen. Transmission of HIV from mother to baby can happen when: ●● ●● ●● the virus is transmitted to the fetus across the placenta during pregnancy. the baby is infected during childbirth. the baby is infected through breast milk. Children also can get HIV from: ●● ●● ●● receiving infected blood transfusions. receiving treatment with unsterile medical equipment such as needles, syringes or surgical instruments. suffering sexual abuse involving penetrative vaginal or anal sex. HIV is unlikely to be transmitted through oral sex, which is when someone licks or sucks a man’s penis or a woman’s clitoris or vagina. Some people think there may be a slight risk if an HIV-positive man’s semen is swallowed. Even fewer people think there may be a small risk of transmission from an HIV-positive woman’s vagina if someone is licking it. If an HIV-positive woman is menstruating, it is advisable to avoid unprotected oral sex. Compared to unprotected vaginal or anal penetrative sex, the risks of HIV transmission through oral sex are minimal. Some people prefer to use condoms or latex barriers such as dental dams or plastic wrap when engaging in oral sex. Other people weigh the risks and decide that because they are so minimal, it is okay to go ahead without protection. Annex A: Fact Sheets 77
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Guide for<
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Contents Preface ..................
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6 Guide fo
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Abbreviations ART ARV CA CD4 CBO CL
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Why was this Guide
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Community
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Community Assessme
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Step 2: Set Objectives Develop clea
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Step 5: Select the Field Sites It i
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There are other factors to consider
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The following tasks will be shared
Page 26 and 27: Checklist of Materials FLIPCHART PA
Page 28 and 29: Additional Activities ● ● COMMU
Page 30 and 31: Session 1: Introductions and Breaki
Page 32 and 33: Examples of Meeting Rules ●●
Page 34 and 35: ➋ SUMMARIZE: Explain what was lea
Page 36 and 37: Preparation: ●● ●● Tape six
Page 38 and 39: Explain that we cannot make diagnos
Page 40 and 41: Steps: The first two steps are opti
Page 42 and 43: Service Providers and Type of Servi
Page 44 and 45: Session 5: Women’s Experience Usi
Page 46 and 47: Put up the four topic cards along t
Page 48 and 49: Session 7: Evaluation, Follow up an
Page 50 and 51: Additional Activity: Site Visit to
Page 52 and 53: General Informatio
Page 54 and 55: General Informatio
Page 56 and 57: ➌ WARM-UP AND INTRODUCTIONS (10 m
Page 58 and 59: Session 3: Problem Analysis and Pro
Page 60 and 61: Session 4: Questions and Answers Fa
Page 62 and 63: Pulling It All Together - The Round
Page 64 and 65: ●● ●● If you have to leave
Page 66 and 67: Active Listening - When participant
Page 68 and 69: Keep Objectives in Mind As the faci
Page 70 and 71: ●● Be clear with the translator
Page 72 and 73: 5. USE SMALL GROUPS TO BUILD PARTIC
Page 74 and 75: ●● ●● ●● ●● Keep a
Page 78 and 79: HIV is not transmitted by: ●●
Page 80 and 81: A3. Condoms Male Condoms Rubber, Jo
Page 82 and 83: A4. Sexually Transmitted Infections
Page 84 and 85: Herpes cannot be cured, but there a
Page 86 and 87: Medicine for Treat
Page 88 and 89: Boils and abscesses. These are pain
Page 90 and 91: In places where live yogurt is avai
Page 92 and 93: A8. Human Rights and HIV Promoting
Page 94 and 95: A9. Pregnancy, Childbirth and Feedi
Page 96 and 97: A single drug (“monotherapy” -
Page 98 and 99: What Are the Causes of Gender-based
Page 100 and 101: What Can a Community</stron
Page 102 and 103: A11. Cervical Cancer and Pap Smear
Page 104 and 105: A n n e x B : Energizers You can us
Page 106 and 107: Affirmation Claps Unity Clap: Rub y
Page 108 and 109: Silhouette 1 108 Annex C: Silhouett
Page 114: Silhouette 7 114 Annex C: Silhouett
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Guide for Community Assessments on Women's Health Care - ICRW

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