Guide for Community Assessments on Women's Health Care - ICRW

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A single drug (“monotherapy” – normally AZT or nevirapine) can reduce the risk of transmission to the baby during labor/delivery, but combination therapy is more effective. Ask your medical advisor about this. Monotherapy also can lead to the development of drug resistance in the mother. Again, it’s best to ask your medical advisor about this. If you are already on combination therapy, you should continue your treatment while pregnant. Although taking drugs in the first three months of pregnancy is generally not advised, if you are already using combination therapy, it is best to continue. If you stop treatment, the amount of virus in your blood may increase, putting your baby at higher risk of infection. Some combination therapy drugs are not recommended during pregnancy, so you may need to change them. Ask your medical advisor about this. There are many things you can do that can help you and your baby stay healthy. If you can, try to find a group of other HIV-positive women with whom you can discuss the ideas and suggestions in this in<strong>for</strong>mation sheet. Many HIV-positive women have found that it helps to do this. 96 Annex A: Fact Sheets
A10. Gender-based Violence What is Gender-based Violence? Gender-based violence is when a man abuses or exerts his power to cause harm to a woman or girl. It is humiliating, painful and terrifying. The aim of the abuser is to intimidate, dominate and control the other person. What Are the Forms of Gender-based Violence? Gender-based violence takes four <strong>for</strong>ms: Physical: Hitting; slapping; punching; kicking; scratching; choking; pulling hair; biting; stabbing or hitting with a weapon; cutting; burning; throwing objects at; throwing gasoline or acid into face; <strong>for</strong>cing wife to abort a child; or dowry killings. Emotional: Insulting; belittling; scolding; jealous suspicion; threatening; shaming and blaming the wife <strong>for</strong> having no children or having a girl; not raising children properly; or threatening the wife <strong>for</strong> questioning the husband’s extra-marital affairs. Economic: Controlling all household spending; withholding necessary household money; wasting family money (e.g., drinking, playing cards); preventing wife from earning money; <strong>for</strong>cing wife to do work against her will; grabbing the money she has earned; <strong>for</strong>cing a wife/daughter to do excessive work; or dowry harassment. Sexual: Forcing a woman to have sex against her will (marital rape); <strong>for</strong>cing her to do oral/anal sex; inflicting pain during sex; preventing wife from using birth control; refusing to use a condom when wife has concerns about sexually transmitted infections (STIs) including HIV. Sexual violence also includes rape, sexual teasing and coercion at work places or schools, and incest. What Are the Effects of Gender-based Violence? Gender-based violence results in the following: Physical: Cuts and bruises; broken bones and other injuries; chronic back or neck pain; beatings to the head, which may result in brain or eye damage, or hearing loss; disability (e.g., loss of function of fingers, hands, legs); disfigurement; miscarriages; exposure and increased vulnerability to STIs and HIV. Psychological: Feeling belittled or worthless; shame; fear; isolation; loss of self-esteem; self-blame and denial; loss of sense of control over life; stress; anxiousness; depression; sleeplessness; feeling suicidal. Economic: Deprived of income and economic support; loss of property; reduced ability to work and generate income. Effects on family: Family breaks up through desertion, separation, divorce, property loss; children are fearful of violence, unable to talk, depressed, drop out of school. Effects on HIV epidemic: Because of the fear of violence, the woman cannot negotiate safe sex, so she cannot protect herself from getting HIV. She does not tell her husband if she discovers she has an STI or is HIV-positive. As a result she may get infected or she may infect her husband, and the HIV epidemic spreads. Annex A: Fact Sheets 97
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Guide for<
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Contents Preface ..................
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6 Guide fo
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Abbreviations ART ARV CA CD4 CBO CL
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Why was this Guide
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Community
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Community Assessme
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●● ●● ●● ●● ●●
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Step 2: Set Objectives Develop clea
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Step 5: Select the Field Sites It i
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There are other factors to consider
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The following tasks will be shared
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Checklist of Materials FLIPCHART PA
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Additional Activities ● ● COMMU
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Session 1: Introductions and Breaki
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Examples of Meeting Rules ●●
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➋ SUMMARIZE: Explain what was lea
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Preparation: ●● ●● Tape six
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Explain that we cannot make diagnos
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Steps: The first two steps are opti
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Service Providers and Type of Servi
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Session 5: Women’s Experience Usi
Page 46 and 47: Put up the four topic cards along t
Page 48 and 49: Session 7: Evaluation, Follow up an
Page 50 and 51: Additional Activity: Site Visit to
Page 52 and 53: General Informatio
Page 54 and 55: General Informatio
Page 56 and 57: ➌ WARM-UP AND INTRODUCTIONS (10 m
Page 58 and 59: Session 3: Problem Analysis and Pro
Page 60 and 61: Session 4: Questions and Answers Fa
Page 62 and 63: Pulling It All Together - The Round
Page 64 and 65: ●● ●● If you have to leave
Page 66 and 67: Active Listening - When participant
Page 68 and 69: Keep Objectives in Mind As the faci
Page 70 and 71: ●● Be clear with the translator
Page 72 and 73: 5. USE SMALL GROUPS TO BUILD PARTIC
Page 74 and 75: ●● ●● ●● ●● Keep a
Page 76 and 77: A n n e x A : Fact Sheets A1. HIV a
Page 78 and 79: HIV is not transmitted by: ●●
Page 80 and 81: A3. Condoms Male Condoms Rubber, Jo
Page 82 and 83: A4. Sexually Transmitted Infections
Page 84 and 85: Herpes cannot be cured, but there a
Page 86 and 87: Medicine for Treat
Page 88 and 89: Boils and abscesses. These are pain
Page 90 and 91: In places where live yogurt is avai
Page 92 and 93: A8. Human Rights and HIV Promoting
Page 94 and 95: A9. Pregnancy, Childbirth and Feedi
Page 98 and 99: What Are the Causes of Gender-based
Page 100 and 101: What Can a Community</stron
Page 102 and 103: A11. Cervical Cancer and Pap Smear
Page 104 and 105: A n n e x B : Energizers You can us
Page 106 and 107: Affirmation Claps Unity Clap: Rub y
Page 108 and 109: Silhouette 1 108 Annex C: Silhouett
Page 114: Silhouette 7 114 Annex C: Silhouett
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Guide for Community Assessments on Women's Health Care - ICRW

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