Guide for Community Assessments on Women's Health Care - ICRW

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Medicine <strong>for</strong> Treating Opportunistic Infections ●● ●● ●● Fluconazole is used to treat severe oral candidiasis or thrush infections. Thrush causes painful little white sores in the mouth. Acyclovir is used to treat herpes, which are painful blisters on the lips or genitals. Cotrimoxazole is an antibiotic given to people living with HIV whose CD4 count is below 200. This medicine helps to prevent PCP (Pneumocystis Carinii Pneumonia). Other Common Symptoms of AIDS and What to Do The most common symptoms of AIDS include: weight loss; fevers; breathing problems; digestive problems; and infections of the mouth, skin, and genital areas. Some of these conditions can be treated at home, with support from a health care provider. Nausea and vomiting. AIDS patients often feel nauseous. Patients should keep their mouths clean by frequently rinsing with clean water and using a toothbrush to brush the teeth and tongue. Nausea can lead to vomiting, making them unable to eat. If the patient is vomiting, he/she should avoid fatty foods and not eat or drink fluids <strong>for</strong> one or two hours, then gradually increase intake of fluids. Tiredness and weakness. People living with HIV often feel tired and should rest often. Help them do simple exercises, such as moving their arms and legs. If the patient is bedridden, encourage him/her to regularly move the arms and legs. Turn the patient every now and then. Keep him/her involved in daily home activities and help with daily needs, such as bathing and using the toilet. Sore mouth and throat. This is a common problem among people living with HIV. ●● ●● ●● ●● Rinse patient’s mouth with warm, clean water mixed with a pinch of salt. For white patches in the mouth, give the patient a lemon to suck (this sometimes may be too painful). Apply gentian violet solution to sores on the lips. Use soothing local remedies to help the patient relieve soreness. Pain. To help alleviate pain, give the patient two aspirin or paracetamol tablets every four hours. Make sure the patient does not have an empty stomach when taking aspirin or tablets. Swelling. Raise the legs or the swollen part of the body on pillows and massage the sore muscle using some oil or soothing cream. Regularly move the patient to change positions. Fever. Treatment <strong>for</strong> a fever can include: ●● ●● ●● ●● removing unnecessary clothing and blankets. wiping the patient down with a wet cloth, or using a cold compress. getting the patient to drink lots of water or other liquids. using aspirin or paracetamol (two tablets every eight hours). If the patient is too hot and the fever continues <strong>for</strong> a long time or is accompanied by stiffness, severe pain, confusion, yellow color in the eyes, sudden diarrhea or convulsions, seek medical assistance immediately. The fever may be caused by malaria. 86 Annex A: Fact Sheets
Diarrhea. Diarrhea is very common in AIDS patients. The stools are very watery and sometimes contain blood. Patients suffering from diarrhea often get dehydrated. Treatment <strong>for</strong> diarrhea can include the following: ●● ●● ●● ●● Keep the skin clean and dry. Wash with clean water after each bowel movement. Treat dehydration with an oral rehydration drink. Add half a flat teaspoon of salt and eight flat teaspoons of sugar to one liter of cooled boiled water. Make a fresh mixture every day. If the diarrhea continues, get help from a health worker. Give the patient solid or starchy foods such as rice water. Don’t feed patients food containing a lot of sugar, which can worsen diarrhea. Skin Problems. Skin problems include rashes, itching, painful sores, skin dryness, slow healing wounds, boils and abscesses. Each problem may need a different treatment. Itching. Clean skin frequently with soap and water, and cool the skin with water. Apply lotions such as calamine. Keep the skin dry. Keep patient’s nails short to minimize scratching, which will cause more injury to the skin. Wounds. Clean the wounded area with boiled, clean water. Cover with a bandage or cloth wrapped loosely around the wound. Put a warm compress of weak salt water on the wound four times a day (a teaspoonful of salt to one liter of clean water). If the wound is on the foot or leg, raise the affected area as high as possible and as often as possible. During sleep, rest the foot or leg on a pillow. During the day, try to raise the foot <strong>for</strong> five minutes every 30 minutes. Walking helps circulate blood. Standing or sitting with the affected foot down <strong>for</strong> long periods is harmful. When wounds are infected, seek medical attention immediately. Bed Sores. Bed sores are caused by pressure on parts of the patient’s body, which often results from lying in the same position <strong>for</strong> long periods. Bed sores often occur on the buttocks, elbows, hips, back and feet. Treat bed sores by doing the following: ●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●● Get the patient out of bed as much as possible. Change the patient’s position often, at least every two hours. Use soft bed sheets and padding, which should be hung daily to air out. Change sheets when soiled with urine, vomit or sweat. Straighten the bedding because lying on wrinkled bedding can hurt the skin. Put a cushion under the patient to support bony parts. Encourage the patient to eat well. Extra vitamins help to heal the sores. Shingles. Shingles is a rash, blisters or sores that develop on the chest or back. It is very painful and itchy. Treat shingles by doing the following: ●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●● Apply calamine lotion twice a day to relieve pain and itching. Keep sores dry and do not let clothing rub against them. Let the patient wear clean, loose fitting clothing. Relieve pain with aspirin or paracetamol. Bathe sores with clean water three times a day or apply gentian violet solution. Watch <strong>for</strong> signs of infected sores, such as redness or pus. Annex A: Fact Sheets 87
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Guide for<
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Contents Preface ..................
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6 Guide fo
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Abbreviations ART ARV CA CD4 CBO CL
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Why was this Guide
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Community
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Community Assessme
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●● ●● ●● ●● ●●
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Step 2: Set Objectives Develop clea
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Step 5: Select the Field Sites It i
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There are other factors to consider
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The following tasks will be shared
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Checklist of Materials FLIPCHART PA
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Additional Activities ● ● COMMU
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Session 1: Introductions and Breaki
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Examples of Meeting Rules ●●
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➋ SUMMARIZE: Explain what was lea
Page 36 and 37: Preparation: ●● ●● Tape six
Page 38 and 39: Explain that we cannot make diagnos
Page 40 and 41: Steps: The first two steps are opti
Page 42 and 43: Service Providers and Type of Servi
Page 44 and 45: Session 5: Women’s Experience Usi
Page 46 and 47: Put up the four topic cards along t
Page 48 and 49: Session 7: Evaluation, Follow up an
Page 50 and 51: Additional Activity: Site Visit to
Page 52 and 53: General Informatio
Page 54 and 55: General Informatio
Page 56 and 57: ➌ WARM-UP AND INTRODUCTIONS (10 m
Page 58 and 59: Session 3: Problem Analysis and Pro
Page 60 and 61: Session 4: Questions and Answers Fa
Page 62 and 63: Pulling It All Together - The Round
Page 64 and 65: ●● ●● If you have to leave
Page 66 and 67: Active Listening - When participant
Page 68 and 69: Keep Objectives in Mind As the faci
Page 70 and 71: ●● Be clear with the translator
Page 72 and 73: 5. USE SMALL GROUPS TO BUILD PARTIC
Page 74 and 75: ●● ●● ●● ●● Keep a
Page 76 and 77: A n n e x A : Fact Sheets A1. HIV a
Page 78 and 79: HIV is not transmitted by: ●●
Page 80 and 81: A3. Condoms Male Condoms Rubber, Jo
Page 82 and 83: A4. Sexually Transmitted Infections
Page 84 and 85: Herpes cannot be cured, but there a
Page 88 and 89: Boils and abscesses. These are pain
Page 90 and 91: In places where live yogurt is avai
Page 92 and 93: A8. Human Rights and HIV Promoting
Page 94 and 95: A9. Pregnancy, Childbirth and Feedi
Page 96 and 97: A single drug (“monotherapy” -
Page 98 and 99: What Are the Causes of Gender-based
Page 100 and 101: What Can a Community</stron
Page 102 and 103: A11. Cervical Cancer and Pap Smear
Page 104 and 105: A n n e x B : Energizers You can us
Page 106 and 107: Affirmation Claps Unity Clap: Rub y
Page 108 and 109: Silhouette 1 108 Annex C: Silhouett
Page 114: Silhouette 7 114 Annex C: Silhouett
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Guide for Community Assessments on Women's Health Care - ICRW

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