Prospectus | 08/09 - Psychology and Neuroscience - Maastricht ...

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Chapter 2 - Specialization Cognitive Neuroscience perception and systems that control our muscles. In other words, most of the things we do require sensorimotor integration. In this course we will study a couple of important aspects of sensorimotor integration in the brain, particularly in the context of visual perception. Since sensory perception (visual as well as auditory) is covered extensively in other courses, we will focus mainly on the motor system and the transformation and processing of sensory information to serve motor control. We start with basic processes such as: types of motor control (since visual perception takes a little time, how should you use past information to control future actions?), the representations used by primary and secondary motor areas (what is the parameter that is under ultimate control: muscle contractions, joint angles, or whole movements?) and coordinate transformations (how do you get from visual information, coded relative to the point you are looking at, to motor commands that are coded relative to your body or the object you are grasping?). Later, we will focus on higher level issues such as motor learning, predicting the actions of others, and reacting to errors in performance. All topics will be discussed in the context of cognitive neuroscience research to learn how these topics can be investigated both with classical behavioural experiments as also with modern techniques such as functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging. 25 Literature Journal articles and book chapters. Instructional Approach Tutorial group meetings, lectures Form of Assessment Written exam with open questions. | 415CN Advanced fMRI – 3 credits Coordinator: Rainer Goebel, Cognitive Neuroscience (FPN), Phone 38 84014, 40 Universiteitssingel East, Room 4.753, E-mail: r.goebel@psychology.unimaas.nl Building on the course ‘Neuroimaging’, this course will examine advanced topics of fMRI methodology and applications. In the first week, models of the BOLD response and its relation to neural activity will be discussed. In the second week, details of deconvolution analysis for rapid event-related paradigms will be presented. Furthermore, procedures to optimize stimulus presentation will be presented followed by a discussion about limitations of rapid event-related designs. In the third week, principles of real-time fMRI will be presented followed by an overview of fMRI neurofeedback studies. In addition, machine learning techniques for the real-time decoding of mental states will be discussed. In the fourth week, advanced methods to establish correspondence between brains of different subjects are examined. The importance of brain normalization for random-effects statistical analysis, creation of probabilistic atlases and meta-analyses will be discussed. In the context of high-resolution fMRI, an integrated view of the addressed advanced topics will be finally presented.
Prospectus Research Master Psychology 2008 • 2009 26 The objective of this course is to provide: • knowledge of recent models about the relationship between neural activity and the BOLD fMRI signal; • detailed knowledge of deconvolution analysis for rapid event-related paradigms and approaches to generate optimal experimental designs; • knowledge on how to read, analyze and visualize fMRI brain signals in real-time during an ongoing experiment; • possibilities and limitations of fMRI-based neurofeedback and real-time decoding of mental states; • knowledge of advanced methods of brain normalization and its importance for random-effects group analyses; • overview about opportunities and challenges of high-resolution fMRI. Literature Journal articles and book chapters will be provided in the first meeting Instructional Approach Practicals, lectures, tutorial group meetings. Form of Assessment Written exam with open questions and presentation of an advanced fMRI method or application. | 416CN Magnetic Brain Stimulation (TMS) – 3 credits Coordinator: Alexander Sack, Cognitive Neuroscience (FPN), Phone 38 84267, 40 Universiteitssingel East, Room 4.765, E-mail: a.sack@psychology.unimaas.nl Description of the Course Since the very beginning of experimental brain research it has always been a dream of neuroscientists to not only watch the brain at work, but actually to change and modulate the neuronal activity in the brain without harming patient or subject. With the aim of Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS) we are now able to non-invasively reach into the skull of a patient or healthy subject and to temporarily alter brain activity at a specific location and a specific moment in time. This possibility opens the door to a wide range of experimental and clinical applications. In combination with methods of functional imaging, we can now not only passively measure the brain activity during the execution of a particular function, but moreover use TMS to increase or decrease the neuronal activity in the task-related brain area in order to reveal the behavioural changes in the actual task performance. This enables us to experimentally identify those brain areas that are functionally relevant to perform a particular function. In a clinical context, TMS has also been used to treat neurological and psychiatric diseases that are accompanied by a pathologically increased or decreased activity in a specific brain region. Since TMS offers the possibility to increase or decrease neuronal activity even beyond the stimulation itself, it might in
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