THEME 7 ENDNOTES 1 Weiss, Taya (2003), ‘A demand-side approach to fighting small arms proliferation’, African Security Review, Vol. 12, Issue 2. Available at: www.iss.co.za/Pubs/ASR/12No2/F1.html 2 UNDP (2003), Coherence, Cooperation and Comparative Strengths: Conference Report on Justice and Security Sector Reform, Oslo, April, p. 4 3 UNDP (2003), Coherence, Cooperation and Comparative Strengths, p. 4 4 UNDP (2003), Coherence, Cooperation and Comparative Strengths, p. 4 5 See, for example, Schreier, Fred and Marina Caparini (2005), Privatising Security: Law, Practice and Governance of Private Military and Security Companies, Geneva Centre for Democratic Control of Armed Forces, Geneva. Available at: www.dcaf.ch/publications/Occasional_Papers/6.pdf 6 Goericke F. and M. Kimani (2002), ‘Crisis prevention and conflict management in district development programmes: The case of MDP, Marsabit District Kenya’, Gesellschaft für Technische Zusammenarbeit (GTZ), July, cited in Weiss (2003), ‘A demand-side approach to fighting small arms proliferation’ 7 Amnesty <strong>Inter</strong>national (2002), Combating Torture: A Manual for Action. Available at: www.amnesty. org/resources/pdf/combating_torture/combating_torture.pdf 8 The definition of ‘rule of law’ is not fixed. For a survey of the various formal, substantive, and functional approaches to this question, see Stephenson, Matthew, The Rule of Law as a Goal of Development Policy, World Bank. Available at: www.worldbank.org/publicsector/legal/ruleof law2.htm 9 PoA, sec. II, paras. 17 and 18 10 PoA, sec. III, para. 7 11 PoA, sec. III, para. 6 12 UN (1979), UN Code of Conduct for Law Enforcement Officials, adopted by UN General Assembly Resolution 34/169 of 17 December. Available at: www.unhchr.ch/html/menu3/b/h_comp42.htm 13 UN (1990), UN Basic Principles on the Use of Force and Firearms, A/CONF.144/28/Rev.1 at 112 14 UN Code of Conduct, paras. a and b; see also Small Arms Survey (2004),‘Critical triggers: Implementing international standards for police firearm use’, in: Small Arms Survey 2004, p. 214 15 UN Crime and Justice Information Network (1997), Use and Application of the Code of Conduct for Law Enforcement Officials, Including the Basic Principles on the Use of Force and Firearms. Available at: www.uncjin.org/Standards/Conduct/conduct.html 16 UN (1996), UN Standards and Norms in the Field of Crime Prevention and Criminal Justice, Report of the Secretary-General (Addendum 2), E/CN.15/1996/16/Add.2. Available at: www.uncjin.org/ Standards/Conduct/16a2e.pdf 17 Small Arms Survey 2004, p. 216 18 UN Commission on Human Rights (2003), Prevention of human rights violations committed with small arms and light weapons. Preliminary report submitted by Barbara Frey, Special Rapporteur, in accordance with Sub-Commission resolution 2002/25. E/CN.4/Sub.2/2003/29, 25 June 2003. 19 Draft Principles on the Prevention of Human Rights Violations Committed with Small Arms, E/CN. 4/Sub.2/2005/35 20 UN Basic Principles, Principle 18 21 UN Basic Principles, Principle 19 22 The Control Arms report Guns and Police: Standards to Prevent Misuse documents a number of instances of police misuse. See: www.controlarms.org/documents/guns_and_policing_report.pdf 23 Small Arms Survey 2004, p. 225 24 Organisation for Security and Co-operation in Europe (1994), Code of Conduct on Politico-Military Aspects of Security, DOC.FSC/1/95. Available at: www.osce.org/documents/sg/1994/12/702_en.pdf 25 OSCE (1994), OSCE Code of Conduct, art. 21 26 Miller, Laurel and Robert Perito (2004), Establishing the Rule of Law in Afghanistan, United States Institute for Peace Rule of Law Program, January, p. 11 135
<strong>MISSING</strong> <strong>PIECES</strong> 27 Lloyd Roberts, Sue (2001), On the Rio Beat, BBC correspondent programme, 13 May; Bourgois, Josephine (2001), Police Violence in Rio de Janeiro, unpublished MA thesis, New York University 28 WHO (2004), p. 7 29 See Small Arms Survey 2005, chap. 10: ‘Managing “post-conflict” zones: DDR and weapons reduction’ 30 Human Rights Research and Advocacy Consortium (2004), Take the Guns Away 31 OECD DAC (2005), Conflict Prevention and Peace Building: What Counts as ODA?, High Level Forum Document, 3 March. Available at: www.oecd.org/dataoecd/32/32/34535173.pdf. However, the committee did not agree to consider training of military in non-military matters, such as human rights, an appropriate use of ODA budgets. 136
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