Improving the identification, handling and storage of âdifficultâ seeds ...

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BORAGINACEAE Heliotropium zeylanicum Low germination BRASSICACEAE Brassica sp Germination problems - seedling evaluation BURSERACEAE Commiphora schimperi Low germination CAPPARACEAE Cleome gynandra Low viability in initial tests. Dormancy – needs scarification. CAPPARACEAE Maerua grantii Low germination CARICACEAE Carica papaya Problems in germination. Intermediate. Dormancy. Have to wait for fruits to mature, then remove pulp and wash seeds to avoid fungal infection (also use fungicide), then dry with ash. Can conserve for 5 to 6 months, then regenerate after this time. Seeds may germinate during drying due to high relative humidity. CHENOPODIACEAE Chenopodium quinoa 84.5% germination after 25 years storage CLUSIACEAE Garcinia buchananii Low viability COMBRETACEAE Combretum sp Low germination COMPOSITAE Felicia muricata Low germination COMPOSITAE Helianthus annuus Low viability in initial tests, low viability post storage, germination problems - seedling evaluation. 64.66% germination after 13 years storage. Orthodox. Mechanical damage. Oily seed? (short lived). Toxicity during viability testing. Climate cool and moist. Immaturity. Storage issues. COMPOSITAE Kleinia kleinioides Low germination COMPOSITAE Tarchonanthus camphoratus Low germination COMPOSITAE Vernonia anthelmintica Low germination COMPOSITAE Vernonia brachycalyx Low germination CONVOLVULACEAE Ipomoea batatas Seeds not often found, only flowers. Seeds cannot be used for propagation. Seeds segregate heavily when germinated. CUCURBITACEAE CUCURBITACEAE Citrullus lanatus var citroides Low viability in initial tests Difficulties ingermination at initial stage. Improvement in germination % with pretreatments. Problems in germination of wild species, not with cultivated species. CUCURBITACEAE Cucumis africanus Improvement in germination % with pretreatments CUCURBITACEAE Cyclanthera pedata 95% germination after 15 years storage CUCURBITACEAE Lagenaria siceraria Spherical shaped seeds, suspected difficult. May have high oil content. Immaturity issues? DILLENIACEAE Tetracera litoralis Low germination EBENACEAE Euclea divinorum Improvement in germination % with pretreatments
EBENACEAE Euclea undulate Improvement in germination % with pretreatments EUPHORBIACEAE Bridelia taitensis Low germination ICACINACEAE Apodytes dimidiata Low germination LAMIACEAE Becium angustifolium Low germination LAMIACEAE Endostemon ctenoneurus Low germination LAMIACEAE Fuerstia africana Low germination LAMIACEAE Leucas neuflizeana Low germination LAURACEAE Persea americana Problems in germination. Have to wait for fruits to mature, then remove pulp and wash seeds to avoid fungal infection (also use fungicide), then dry. Can conserve for 5 to 6 months, then regenerate after this time. Seeds may germinate during drying due to high relative humidity. LEGUMINOSAE Germination problems - lack of imbibition, hardseededness. Orthodox. Problems from over dryingbut short-lived. Mechanical treatment (some seeds are soft such that mechanical processing leads to physical destruction of the seed). Oily seeds are sometimes dried with non oily seeds. LEGUMINOSAE Arachis hypogaea Low viability in initial tests, low viability post storage. Immaturity (leave in pods). Short storage life. Mixed experience between institutions. Problems in drying for storage. LEGUMINOSAE Caesalpinia sp Low germination LEGUMINOSAE Cajanus cajan Low viability in initial tests LEGUMINOSAE Cicer arientinum 88% germination after 13 years storage LEGUMINOSAE Eriosema shrense Low viability LEGUMINOSAE Glycine max Low viability after time. 100% germination after 13 years storage. LEGUMINOSAE Lens culinaris 90% germination after 13 years storage LEGUMINOSAE Phaseolus lunatus Low viability in initial tests LEGUMINOSAE Phaseolus vulgaris Germination problems - sand or paper, different results LEGUMINOSAE Senna italica Improvement in germination % with pretreatments LEGUMINOSAE Sphenostylis stenocapa Low viability in initial tests LEGUMINOSAE Vigna subterranea Low viability in initial tests, low viability post storage, low viability in field. Immaturity (leave in pods). LEGUMINOSAE Vigna unguiculata Short term seed storage - low viability post storage, insect infestation. Germination protocol needs to be established. MALVACEAE Abelmoschus esculentus Low viability post storage/physical dormancy? Short-lived. Easily attacked by insects. MALVACEAE Corchorus sp Difficulties at initial stage. May be overcome over time. MALVACEAE Corchorus olitorius High germination % when tested or planted, improvement in germination % with pretreatments
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Improving the identification, handl
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Improving the identification, handl
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1. Project background Supported by
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1.2. Workshop programme The worksho
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1.3. FAO presentation International
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Activity Areas on Institutions and
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Through the Seed and Plant Genetic
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GSPC /ITPGRFA). Purpose: improved i
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Orthodox but dormant Although less
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2. Country report summaries Support
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2.2. BOTSWANA presentation Botswana
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ecently released a biodiversity str
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follows: ▪ Selection of good seed
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- Low Constant temperature oven met
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▪ ▪ ▪ Blotting paper in Petri
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The second problem associated with
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inadequate seed numbers such as end
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2.7. LESOTHO presentation Lesotho N
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2.8. LIBYA presentation The Nationa
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2.9. MALAWI presentation Malawi Pla
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Species that demonstrate low levels
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2.10. MOZAMBIQUE presentation Agric
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Measuring seed moisture status ▪
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2.13. SEYCHELLES presentation Minis
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Crops to be considered for conserva
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Drying facilities/methods The proto
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2.14. SOUTH AFRICA presentation Sou
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Legume forages Grass forages back,
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which the viability seemed to be de
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amount of moisture in that sample.
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▪ Encourage and promote the conse
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efore the NPGRC acquired storage fa
Page 65 and 66: perennial wetland, as the field gen
Page 67 and 68: 3. Other stakeholders’ presentati
Page 69 and 70: IPGRI’s Vision People today and i
Page 71 and 72: ▪ ▪ ▪ Mali - Traditional seed
Page 73 and 74: ▪ Support services - development
Page 75 and 76: 3.3. SPGRC presentation Gene Bank M
Page 77 and 78: ▪ To fully operationalize SPGRC h
Page 79 and 80: ▪ have achieved the desk study an
Page 81 and 82: Mexican marigold and leaves of neem
Page 83 and 84: 4. RBG Kew species analysis Support
Page 85 and 86: Table 1. Families with greatest num
Page 87 and 88: Table 5. Completed tests and propor
Page 89 and 90: investigated were found to be recal
Page 91 and 92: 5.1. Format of group sessions Outpu
Page 93 and 94: 2. Most urgent training needs Main
Page 95 and 96: 5.3. GROUP 2 report Group members
Page 97 and 98: Top 5 equipment needs for group:
Page 99 and 100: esculentus Lycopersicon ▪ problem
Page 101 and 102: ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪
Page 103 and 104: ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ Ethiopia - hygromet
Page 105 and 106: 6. Plenary Supported by Also suppor
Page 107 and 108: - South Africa - direct new project
Page 109 and 110: 7. Annexe Supported by Also support
Page 111 and 112: Mr. José de Menezes Ministry of Ag
Page 113 and 114: 7.2. Questionnaires (for reports) T
Page 115: 7.3. List of “difficult to conser
Page 119 and 120: POACEAE Sorghum bicolor Low viabili
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Improving the identification, handling and storage of âdifficultâ seeds ...