Improving the identification, handling and storage of âdifficultâ seeds ...

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Table 7. Species featured on ITPGRFA list with defined relative longevity values Genus Species Relative longevity Genus Species Relative longevity CRUCIFERAE LEGUMINOSAE-PAPILIONOIDEAE Brassica hirta long Pisum sativum long Raphanus sativus long Medicago sativa long Lepidium sativum medium short Vicia sp long Crambe abyssinica short Lens culinaris long Brassica oleracea short Vigna radiata long Brassica napus variable Cicer arietinum long Isatis tinctoria variable Trifolium repens long POACEAE Lathyrus odoratus medium long Eleusine coracana long Melilotus alba medium long Avena sativa long Lotus corniculatus medium Zea mays long Trifolium incarnatum medium Hordeum vulgare medium long Trifolium pratense medium Sorghum bicolor medium long Lespedeza cuneata medium short Phleum pratense medium Trifolium hybridum medium short Lolium perenne medium Lupinus angustifolius medium short Lolium multiflorum medium Onobrychis viciifolia short Dactylis glomerata medium Phaseolus vulgaris variable Triticum aestivum medium Poa pratensis medium Secale cereale medium short Oryza sativa short Festuca rubra short Festuca arundinacea short Pennisetum glaucum short Other combined list species for which Walters et al (2005) provide relative longevity rankings are listed in Table 8. Table 8. Other selected species with defined relative longevity values Genus Species Relative longevity Cucumis melo long Abelmoschus esculentum long Lycopersicon esculentum long Citrullus lanatus medium long Sesamum Indicum medium Arachis hypogaea short Allium cepa short Capsicum annuum short Glycine max short Viability constants, enabling estimations of longevity under known storage conditions, are available for more than 60 species (http://www.kew.org/sid/viability/index.html), including 21 species from the ITPGRFA list. Summary ▪ 80% of species from combined list are orthodox ▪ Less than 5% of species are recalcitrant ▪ 15% ‘orthodox?’, ‘orthodox p’ and ‘uncertain’ species may be “difficult” ▪ Many species of Poaceae are “difficult” because of dormancy ▪ Some species inherently short-lived In conclusion, it is clear from these analyses that the storage problems associated with “difficult” crop species are not simply an issue of recalcitrance. Only a small proportion of the species
investigated were found to be recalcitrant, and most showed orthodox storage behaviour. However, post-storage germination problems have been encountered amongst some of these species at MSB, suggesting that dormancy-breaking methods may need to be added to germination protocols to achieve successful results. Alongside this, special care may need to be taken during seed collecting in order to be certain about maturity and optimum post-harvest drying methods. Some species are simply short-lived and will not maintain viability during extended periods of storage. These species are well represented at the MSB and in several African genebanks, giving the potential for further germination and storage investigations. At the farm level, further information needs to be gathered on the harvesting, drying and storage conditions of seeds, so that the factors causing these species to be “difficult” can be fully assessed. References Ellis R H, Hong T D and Roberts E H (1985). Handbook of Seed Technology for Genebanks: Volume II. Compendium of Specific Germination Information and Test Recommendations. International Board for Plant Genetic Resources, Rome. http://www.ipgri.cgiar.org/publications/HTMLPublications/52/index.htm Flynn, S, Turner, R M, and Stuppy, W H 2006. Seed Information Database (release 7.0, October 2006). http://www.kew.org/data/sid Padulosi, S (1998). A comprehensive vs. limited list of crops: the role of underutilized crops and opportunities for international centres, donor communities and recipient countries. Paper presented at the IAO workshop on" Interdependence and Food Security: which list of PGRFA for the future Multilateral System?" Instituto Agronômico per l’ Oltremare, Florence, Italy, 1 a 3 de outubro de 1998 http://biodiv.iao.florence.it/proceedings/pgrfa/padulosi.PDF Sheela K, Nath K G, Vijayalakshmi D, Yankanchi G M and Patil R B (2004). Proximate composition of underutilized green leafy vegetables in Southern Karnataka. Journal of Human Ecology 15(3): pp 227-229. Walters C, Wheeler L M, Grotenhuis J M (2005). Longevity of seeds stored in a genebank: species characteristics. Seed Science Research 15: pp 1-20.
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Improving the identification, handl
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Improving the identification, handl
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1. Project background Supported by
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1.2. Workshop programme The worksho
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1.3. FAO presentation International
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Activity Areas on Institutions and
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Through the Seed and Plant Genetic
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GSPC /ITPGRFA). Purpose: improved i
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Orthodox but dormant Although less
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2. Country report summaries Support
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2.2. BOTSWANA presentation Botswana
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ecently released a biodiversity str
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follows: ▪ Selection of good seed
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- Low Constant temperature oven met
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▪ ▪ ▪ Blotting paper in Petri
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The second problem associated with
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inadequate seed numbers such as end
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2.7. LESOTHO presentation Lesotho N
Page 37 and 38: 2.8. LIBYA presentation The Nationa
Page 39 and 40: 2.9. MALAWI presentation Malawi Pla
Page 41 and 42: Species that demonstrate low levels
Page 43 and 44: 2.10. MOZAMBIQUE presentation Agric
Page 45 and 46: Measuring seed moisture status ▪
Page 47 and 48: 2.13. SEYCHELLES presentation Minis
Page 49 and 50: Crops to be considered for conserva
Page 51 and 52: Drying facilities/methods The proto
Page 53 and 54: 2.14. SOUTH AFRICA presentation Sou
Page 55 and 56: Legume forages Grass forages back,
Page 57 and 58: which the viability seemed to be de
Page 59 and 60: amount of moisture in that sample.
Page 61 and 62: ▪ Encourage and promote the conse
Page 63 and 64: efore the NPGRC acquired storage fa
Page 65 and 66: perennial wetland, as the field gen
Page 67 and 68: 3. Other stakeholders’ presentati
Page 69 and 70: IPGRI’s Vision People today and i
Page 71 and 72: ▪ ▪ ▪ Mali - Traditional seed
Page 73 and 74: ▪ Support services - development
Page 75 and 76: 3.3. SPGRC presentation Gene Bank M
Page 77 and 78: ▪ To fully operationalize SPGRC h
Page 79 and 80: ▪ have achieved the desk study an
Page 81 and 82: Mexican marigold and leaves of neem
Page 83 and 84: 4. RBG Kew species analysis Support
Page 85 and 86: Table 1. Families with greatest num
Page 87: Table 5. Completed tests and propor
Page 91 and 92: 5.1. Format of group sessions Outpu
Page 93 and 94: 2. Most urgent training needs Main
Page 95 and 96: 5.3. GROUP 2 report Group members
Page 97 and 98: Top 5 equipment needs for group:
Page 99 and 100: esculentus Lycopersicon ▪ problem
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Page 103 and 104: ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ Ethiopia - hygromet
Page 105 and 106: 6. Plenary Supported by Also suppor
Page 107 and 108: - South Africa - direct new project
Page 109 and 110: 7. Annexe Supported by Also support
Page 111 and 112: Mr. José de Menezes Ministry of Ag
Page 113 and 114: 7.2. Questionnaires (for reports) T
Page 115 and 116: 7.3. List of “difficult to conser
Page 117 and 118: EBENACEAE Euclea undulate Improveme
Page 119 and 120: POACEAE Sorghum bicolor Low viabili
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