Improving the identification, handling and storage of âdifficultâ seeds ...

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2.3. ECUADOR presentation Instituto Nacional Autónomo de Investigaciones Agropecuarias (INIAP) (National Institute of Agrocultural Research) Dr. Eduardo Morillo Supporting On-Farm management & improvement of PGRFA (question 2.1) “Complementary conservation and utilisation of neglected traditional crops in Ecuador” is a project financed by the US program PL-480 and the Agricultural Department of US (USDA) operating in the northern area of Ecuador (Province of Imbabura, Cotacachi) since 2002. Four operational components (with the participation of farmers) are included: ▪ Ex situ and in situ complementary conservation activities - agro diversity inventory - establishment of ex situ community bank - participatory on farm characterization - fairs promoting seed exchange - introduction of materials from the bank) ▪ Agro-industry and marketing ▪ Agro-biodiversity education ▪ Agro-tourism Germplasm storage facilities (question 5.3) ▪ INIAP is a public institution which includes 7 main experimental stations in the country ▪ Since 1980, INIAP began collection activities focusing on native Andean species ▪ In 1991 the National Plant Gene bank was officially created with the mission of carrying out the conservation of agro biodiversity through ex situ and in situ activities (main centre in Santa. Catalina) ▪ Ex situ conservation in INIAP nowadays includes around 15 000 accessions, collected in country, donated from other institutions and for custody ▪ 17 % in field ▪ 2% in vitro ▪ 80% as seed Field collections: Field collections are located in three INIAP experimental stations: coast (Pichilingue), highland zone (Santa Catalina) and Napo (Amazonia) In vitro germplasm storage facilities: Santa Catalina has a biotechnology laboratory (culture room and a long-term storage room of 40m 3 ) which conserves duplicates of field collections or complete collections (e.g. national collection of Solanum tuberosum). Long term conservation - seed banks: ▪ Santa Catalina unit has the most important seed bank in Ecuador - 10200 accessions of 170 genus which belong to 400 food, medicinal, forage and forestry species ▪ Storage of seeds is performed in two cold rooms - a base bank of 66m³ at -15°C and an active bank of 40.6m³ at 5°C Drying facilities/methods Seed samples which arrive at the bank (from collecting, exchange or regeneration) are treated as
follows: ▪ Selection of good seeds by visual inspection (maturity, health status) ▪ Drying - Seeds are first dried at room temperature (11.6°C and 79% RH) and then dried further in a dry room (28.6m³, 21°C and 40% RH) ▪ Moisture status measurement is done before and after drying (around 3 to 7% mc) Storage containers ▪ The containers used in the INIAP seed bank are aluminium foil bags for many reasons, following IPGRI recommendations (strong, not transparent, impermeable, easily sealed) and locally available ▪ The dried accession is stored in three bags: one as a reserve, a second for germination testing and the third one for distribution Viability monitoring (question 5.5) ▪ Germination tests are carried out using filter paper. Tests are carried out - Prior to storage - Periodically during storage ▪ Germination tests comprise: in general 100 seeds per test per accession (this amount can be reduced depending on the availability of seed) Results of some viability monitoring in the seed bank Species Conservation time (years) Germination % Chenopodium quinoa 25 84.5 Cyclanthera pedata 15 95 Glycine max 13 100 Cicer arientinum 13 88 Lens culinaris 13 90 Allium cepa 13 92.5 Avena sp. 12 67.14 Gossypium sp. 13 38.82 Helianthus annuus 13 64.66 Constraints (question 5.10) ▪ A low number of seeds and viability for some seed collections conserved for more than 25 years ▪ Lack of knowledge of pathogens which could be associated to the loss in seed viability ▪ Lack of knowledge of the storage behaviour of some species ▪ In some cases, incomplete documentation of the conserved material (passport data, initial viability, moisture content) ▪ Lack of a systematic regeneration process for the conserved seed collections Possible solutions to the constraints ▪ More research related to seed conservation: A project recently supported, proposes to identify six important seed collections based on their low viability and importance, for regeneration and characterization (establishment of core collections). Besides, this project aims to identify whether the presence of pathogens is associated with the loss of viability ▪ Carry out research in the dormancy of seeds testing different methods of germination
Page 1 and 2: Improving the identification, handl
Page 3 and 4: Improving the identification, handl
Page 5 and 6: 1. Project background Supported by
Page 7 and 8: 1.2. Workshop programme The worksho
Page 9 and 10: 1.3. FAO presentation International
Page 11 and 12: Activity Areas on Institutions and
Page 13 and 14: Through the Seed and Plant Genetic
Page 15 and 16: GSPC /ITPGRFA). Purpose: improved i
Page 17 and 18: Orthodox but dormant Although less
Page 19 and 20: 2. Country report summaries Support
Page 21 and 22: 2.2. BOTSWANA presentation Botswana
Page 23: ecently released a biodiversity str
Page 27 and 28: - Low Constant temperature oven met
Page 29 and 30: ▪ ▪ ▪ Blotting paper in Petri
Page 31 and 32: The second problem associated with
Page 33 and 34: inadequate seed numbers such as end
Page 35 and 36: 2.7. LESOTHO presentation Lesotho N
Page 37 and 38: 2.8. LIBYA presentation The Nationa
Page 39 and 40: 2.9. MALAWI presentation Malawi Pla
Page 41 and 42: Species that demonstrate low levels
Page 43 and 44: 2.10. MOZAMBIQUE presentation Agric
Page 45 and 46: Measuring seed moisture status ▪
Page 47 and 48: 2.13. SEYCHELLES presentation Minis
Page 49 and 50: Crops to be considered for conserva
Page 51 and 52: Drying facilities/methods The proto
Page 53 and 54: 2.14. SOUTH AFRICA presentation Sou
Page 55 and 56: Legume forages Grass forages back,
Page 57 and 58: which the viability seemed to be de
Page 59 and 60: amount of moisture in that sample.
Page 61 and 62: ▪ Encourage and promote the conse
Page 63 and 64: efore the NPGRC acquired storage fa
Page 65 and 66: perennial wetland, as the field gen
Page 67 and 68: 3. Other stakeholders’ presentati
Page 69 and 70: IPGRI’s Vision People today and i
Page 71 and 72: ▪ ▪ ▪ Mali - Traditional seed
Page 73 and 74: ▪ Support services - development
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3.3. SPGRC presentation Gene Bank M
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▪ To fully operationalize SPGRC h
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▪ have achieved the desk study an
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Mexican marigold and leaves of neem
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4. RBG Kew species analysis Support
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Table 1. Families with greatest num
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Table 5. Completed tests and propor
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investigated were found to be recal
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5.1. Format of group sessions Outpu
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2. Most urgent training needs Main
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5.3. GROUP 2 report Group members
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Top 5 equipment needs for group:
Page 99 and 100:
esculentus Lycopersicon ▪ problem
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▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪
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▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ Ethiopia - hygromet
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6. Plenary Supported by Also suppor
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- South Africa - direct new project
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7. Annexe Supported by Also support
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Mr. José de Menezes Ministry of Ag
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7.2. Questionnaires (for reports) T
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7.3. List of “difficult to conser
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EBENACEAE Euclea undulate Improveme
Page 119 and 120:
POACEAE Sorghum bicolor Low viabili
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Improving the identification, handling and storage of âdifficultâ seeds ...