Improving the identification, handling and storage of âdifficultâ seeds ...

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2.5. GHANA presentation Ghana Plant Genetic Resources Research Institute Dr. Samuel Bennett-Lartey Supporting On-Farm management & improvement of PGRFA (question 2.1) The Plant Genetic Resources Research Institute (PGRRI) of the Centre for Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR) participates in the activities of the Centre for Biodiversity Utilization and Development (CBUD), in the indigenous leafy vegetable program. In this program, farmers are aided to plant indigenous leafy vegetables for the market. PGRRI’s role in this programme is as follows: ▪ Planning of activities in the programme ▪ Raising of seeds of various indigenous vegetables for supply to farmers. ▪ Training farmers on how to cultivate the various vegetables. This includes methods of breaking dormancy, nursery practices, field practices and handling of the vegetables against pests. ▪ Short-term, medium-term and long-term conservation of leafy vegetable seeds for the programme. Indigenous leafy vegetables used in programme Solanum macrocarpum Celosia argentea Telfairia occidentale Cleome gynandra Amaranthus hybrides Germplasm storage facilities (question 5.3) The facilities for short term, medium term and long-term conservation are as follows: ▪ Deep freezers at -20 o C ▪ Rooms for in vitro conservation (no equipment yet) ▪ New rooms for cold storage (no equipment yet) ▪ Fields for the conservation field collections Drying facilities/methods After seeds have been extracted and cleaned, they are placed in plates for drying. The first line of action is to dry the seeds under ambient conditions until the moisture content falls to 10%. The drying is then continued using silica gel in seed bins. Other equipment for drying includes: ▪ Ovens for seed drying ▪ Silica gel ▪ Plates for sun drying Measuring seed moisture status Seed moisture status is routinely measured using the oven method. A seed weighing container is firstly weighed empty and then it is weighed with the seed sample to be dried. The container and the seed sample are put in the oven at 105 o C for 24 hours. They are then cooled in a desiccator containing silica gel. The container and the dried seed sample are weighed again. Storage containers The seed containers used at the PGRRI to store seeds are aluminium envelope containers which are sealed with a heat sealing machine. Viability monitoring (question 5.5) The institute monitors viability of ex-situ collections under cold storage. This is carried out using a ‘germination test’ method. Under this test, various substrates are used:
▪ ▪ ▪ Blotting paper in Petri-dishes Paper towel method Top soil in pots/seed boxes. Species that demonstrate low levels of viability after a period of storage Arachis hypogaea Vigna subterranea Solanum sp. Abelmoschus esculentus Constraints (question 5.10) ▪ High relative humidity in the environment of the genebank, making seed drying very difficult. ▪ High rates of fluctuation in the electricity supply to the seed bank, which houses individual deep freezers. This causes the deep freezers to breakdowns frequently and is very deleterious to the seeds under storage. Possible solutions to the constraints ▪ Provision of infrastructure with relevant fittings for cold storage. The relevant fittings include a dehumidifier for stabilizing RH in the drying facility, and temperature control equipment. ▪ Cold stores for medium- and long-term storage. ▪ A high-powered stand-by generator to be used in case of power outages. ▪ Provision of an electronic moisture meter.
Page 1 and 2: Improving the identification, handl
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Page 5 and 6: 1. Project background Supported by
Page 7 and 8: 1.2. Workshop programme The worksho
Page 9 and 10: 1.3. FAO presentation International
Page 11 and 12: Activity Areas on Institutions and
Page 13 and 14: Through the Seed and Plant Genetic
Page 15 and 16: GSPC /ITPGRFA). Purpose: improved i
Page 17 and 18: Orthodox but dormant Although less
Page 19 and 20: 2. Country report summaries Support
Page 21 and 22: 2.2. BOTSWANA presentation Botswana
Page 23 and 24: ecently released a biodiversity str
Page 25 and 26: follows: ▪ Selection of good seed
Page 27: - Low Constant temperature oven met
Page 31 and 32: The second problem associated with
Page 33 and 34: inadequate seed numbers such as end
Page 35 and 36: 2.7. LESOTHO presentation Lesotho N
Page 37 and 38: 2.8. LIBYA presentation The Nationa
Page 39 and 40: 2.9. MALAWI presentation Malawi Pla
Page 41 and 42: Species that demonstrate low levels
Page 43 and 44: 2.10. MOZAMBIQUE presentation Agric
Page 45 and 46: Measuring seed moisture status ▪
Page 47 and 48: 2.13. SEYCHELLES presentation Minis
Page 49 and 50: Crops to be considered for conserva
Page 51 and 52: Drying facilities/methods The proto
Page 53 and 54: 2.14. SOUTH AFRICA presentation Sou
Page 55 and 56: Legume forages Grass forages back,
Page 57 and 58: which the viability seemed to be de
Page 59 and 60: amount of moisture in that sample.
Page 61 and 62: ▪ Encourage and promote the conse
Page 63 and 64: efore the NPGRC acquired storage fa
Page 65 and 66: perennial wetland, as the field gen
Page 67 and 68: 3. Other stakeholders’ presentati
Page 69 and 70: IPGRI’s Vision People today and i
Page 71 and 72: ▪ ▪ ▪ Mali - Traditional seed
Page 73 and 74: ▪ Support services - development
Page 75 and 76: 3.3. SPGRC presentation Gene Bank M
Page 77 and 78: ▪ To fully operationalize SPGRC h
Page 79 and 80:
▪ have achieved the desk study an
Page 81 and 82:
Mexican marigold and leaves of neem
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4. RBG Kew species analysis Support
Page 85 and 86:
Table 1. Families with greatest num
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Table 5. Completed tests and propor
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investigated were found to be recal
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5.1. Format of group sessions Outpu
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2. Most urgent training needs Main
Page 95 and 96:
5.3. GROUP 2 report Group members
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Top 5 equipment needs for group:
Page 99 and 100:
esculentus Lycopersicon ▪ problem
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▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪
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▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ Ethiopia - hygromet
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6. Plenary Supported by Also suppor
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- South Africa - direct new project
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7. Annexe Supported by Also support
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Mr. José de Menezes Ministry of Ag
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7.2. Questionnaires (for reports) T
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7.3. List of “difficult to conser
Page 117 and 118:
EBENACEAE Euclea undulate Improveme
Page 119 and 120:
POACEAE Sorghum bicolor Low viabili
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