Improving the identification, handling and storage of âdifficultâ seeds ...

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▪ The process results in slow seed drying and takes 2 to 4 weeks to complete - resulting in the seeds maintaining viability Measuring Seed Moisture Content ▪ The MC of seed is routinely measured. After harvesting, before and after drying of accessions. ▪ Destructive method of MC Analysis is used. About 2.5g of seed is ground using grinder on a small metal tray, then put on switched-on moisture analyser and then reading taken after few minutes ▪ For germplasm conservation, the recommended MC for storing cereals is 4 – 7% and legumes 7 – 8% which is slightly higher due to their oil content ▪ Data is then entered in the Moisture Content Data File Storage Containers ▪ SPGRC stores seeds in deep freezers, at –20 o C, in aluminium foil packets (for Duplicate Collection) and in bottles (for Safety Duplicate Collection). ▪ ▪ Seed is kept under airtight conditions and frozen. Gene bank is well ventilated. The ventilator sucks in cool dry air and pushes out warm, moist air resulting in ideal conditions for germplasm to remain viable for a long time. Viability Monitoring ▪ Seed viability is determined upon receipt of accessions and is monitored periodically during storage. Germination tests are carried out to ensure if the entry is fit for storage. Seed is stored if the viability is above 85%. ▪ Seed germination tests use distilled water, filter paper and Petri dishes, for small grains like Sorghum bicolor (Sorghum), Pennisetum glaucum (Pearl millet). For large grains like Zea mays (Maize), Phaseolus vulgaris (Beans), paper towels are used with distilled water. ▪ Replicates of 50 x 2 seeds are used per accession. A germinator is used to germinate accessions. It is set in a way that it simulates growing field conditions of 100% (light), 20 o C (temperature) and 90% (relative humidity). ▪ Viability monitoring is systematic, using a printed hard copy of accessions in the gene bank. When an accession’s viability falls below 85%, regeneration is recommended. ▪ Accessions to be tested are withdrawn from the Gene bank and exposed for 48 hours (2 days) to break seed dormancy, and then put in deep freezer for 48 hours (2 days) to kill fungi or bacteria. On the 5th day, accessions are then placed in a switched-on Germinator. Germination normally occurs after 5 – 10 days depending on the species being tested. ▪ Cross-pollination is avoided by covering plant flowers before flowering (booting stage) with waxy pollination bags. Species which demonstrate low viability levels during initial tests and after a period of storage Glycine max Mucuna deeringiana Arachis hypogaea Alium cepa Cleome gynandra Carica papaya Challenges ▪ Need for additional freezers in the gene bank as it is received annually from NPGRC’s. ▪ Donor-dependent procurement arrangements for storage materials like aluminium foil packets, bottles and adhesive labels, etc, which normally have to be imported from outside the SADC region. ▪ Inadequate financial resources for regeneration, characterization and multiplication of the existing germplasm at SPGRC and the SADC region in general. ▪ Need to disseminate and maximize information on the Use (utilization) of Plant Genetic Resources to the end users.
▪ To fully operationalize SPGRC herbarium for identification of particularly less known and or unique germplasm. Possible solutions to Challenges ▪ Improved training for the existing PGR staff is needed. ▪ Financial support for acquisition of storage equipment and conservation materials. ▪ Computers with bigger RAMs are vital, including extensive training in Documentation for PGR staff. ▪ A web-based SDIS would enhance real-time reporting by both SPGRC and NPGRCs as updates would be done on-line. NPGRCs need to invest in internet communication equipment and skills (e.g searches on the web). ▪ Print and translate newsletters and other information of existing ex-situ collections, into major local languages, to promote PGR use. ▪ To increase participation in Seed Fairs and Agricultural Shows in SADC region, to promote utilisation of plant genetic resources.
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Improving the identification, handl
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Improving the identification, handl
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1. Project background Supported by
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1.2. Workshop programme The worksho
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1.3. FAO presentation International
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Activity Areas on Institutions and
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Through the Seed and Plant Genetic
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GSPC /ITPGRFA). Purpose: improved i
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Orthodox but dormant Although less
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2. Country report summaries Support
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2.2. BOTSWANA presentation Botswana
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ecently released a biodiversity str
Page 25 and 26: follows: ▪ Selection of good seed
Page 27 and 28: - Low Constant temperature oven met
Page 29 and 30: ▪ ▪ ▪ Blotting paper in Petri
Page 31 and 32: The second problem associated with
Page 33 and 34: inadequate seed numbers such as end
Page 35 and 36: 2.7. LESOTHO presentation Lesotho N
Page 37 and 38: 2.8. LIBYA presentation The Nationa
Page 39 and 40: 2.9. MALAWI presentation Malawi Pla
Page 41 and 42: Species that demonstrate low levels
Page 43 and 44: 2.10. MOZAMBIQUE presentation Agric
Page 45 and 46: Measuring seed moisture status ▪
Page 47 and 48: 2.13. SEYCHELLES presentation Minis
Page 49 and 50: Crops to be considered for conserva
Page 51 and 52: Drying facilities/methods The proto
Page 53 and 54: 2.14. SOUTH AFRICA presentation Sou
Page 55 and 56: Legume forages Grass forages back,
Page 57 and 58: which the viability seemed to be de
Page 59 and 60: amount of moisture in that sample.
Page 61 and 62: ▪ Encourage and promote the conse
Page 63 and 64: efore the NPGRC acquired storage fa
Page 65 and 66: perennial wetland, as the field gen
Page 67 and 68: 3. Other stakeholders’ presentati
Page 69 and 70: IPGRI’s Vision People today and i
Page 71 and 72: ▪ ▪ ▪ Mali - Traditional seed
Page 73 and 74: ▪ Support services - development
Page 75: 3.3. SPGRC presentation Gene Bank M
Page 79 and 80: ▪ have achieved the desk study an
Page 81 and 82: Mexican marigold and leaves of neem
Page 83 and 84: 4. RBG Kew species analysis Support
Page 85 and 86: Table 1. Families with greatest num
Page 87 and 88: Table 5. Completed tests and propor
Page 89 and 90: investigated were found to be recal
Page 91 and 92: 5.1. Format of group sessions Outpu
Page 93 and 94: 2. Most urgent training needs Main
Page 95 and 96: 5.3. GROUP 2 report Group members
Page 97 and 98: Top 5 equipment needs for group:
Page 99 and 100: esculentus Lycopersicon ▪ problem
Page 101 and 102: ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪
Page 103 and 104: ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ Ethiopia - hygromet
Page 105 and 106: 6. Plenary Supported by Also suppor
Page 107 and 108: - South Africa - direct new project
Page 109 and 110: 7. Annexe Supported by Also support
Page 111 and 112: Mr. José de Menezes Ministry of Ag
Page 113 and 114: 7.2. Questionnaires (for reports) T
Page 115 and 116: 7.3. List of “difficult to conser
Page 117 and 118: EBENACEAE Euclea undulate Improveme
Page 119 and 120: POACEAE Sorghum bicolor Low viabili
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