Improving the identification, handling and storage of âdifficultâ seeds ...

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There is a serious need for the training of staff in the domain of field gene banks and seed banks management. The main constraints are: ▪ With the substitution of older varieties by new high yielding imported varieties of many crops, there is considerable evidence that farmers have completely abandoned locally adapted varieties. There is a real danger of extinction of these old varieties; ▪ Land is by far the biggest limiting factor for development in small islands and there is intense competition by all sectors. Much of the land traditionally used for farming and agriculture was absorbed into housing and other social development; ▪ Skilled labour for agriculture became less available as many young people moved out of the sector for better job prospects in tourism and the service industry ; ▪ Government’s budget can no longer afford to keep a huge work force to maintain huge orchards or field gene bank; ▪ There is a shortage of PGRFA conservation and utilisation technical literature; Possible solutions to the constraints For the future food security of the country there is an urgent need to conserve the PGR of adapted crop plants introduced into Seychelles over the past 250 years. Some of the solutions to the constraints are: ▪ Promote education and awareness about plant diversity for the benefit of present and future generations so that every sector of society recognises its role in plant conservation; ▪ The National Agricultural 2003 – 2013 perceives households as a major potential contributor to National Agricultural production in the next decade. It is estimated that households can contribute to almost a 25% increase of the area currently under intensive agriculture. In the same light, households can be made to be custodians of rare, neglected, endangered or threatened species of PGRFA; ▪ Inventory of all varieties of fruit trees growing on the islands, including those in the field banks, on private land and in farmers’ fields; ▪ Where local varieties of crop plants are found, samples should be collected and transferred to secure ex-situ conservation sites, seed bank and field gene bank; ▪ Many traditional farmers maintain high diversity of crops and varieties on small farms, providing year round varied produce for their families and for the market. Incentives should be found to encourage them to continue with this system, possibility in the form of advantageous conditions at the local agricultural input outlet; ▪ Training is required in the area of PGR conservation and utilization for technical and professional staff at all levels. There is also a need to train one taxonomist in the field of identification of PGRFA; ▪ Approach should be made to different international organisation for technical literature
2.14. SOUTH AFRICA presentation South Africa National Gene Bank Mr. Andre Lezar Supporting On-Farm management & improvement of PGRFA (question 2.1) The NPGRC of South Africa is in the process of appointing an in-situ Specialist and two technicians that will be responsible for the following: ▪ In-situ conservation of crop species through developing in-situ conservation strategies, including on-farm projects, for long term conservation of landraces, especially those possessing special traits and social losses. ▪ On-farm conservation projects with provincial or local authorities as a sustainable strategy to making seed material available for local farmers as well as supplying the national gene bank for crop development. ▪ Contribution towards the functions of the IKS Policy through the characterization of biological resources and practices of local communities. ▪ Maintaining of a database on the status of on-farm conservation projects of crop species as well as activities that promote their cultivation, like seed diversity fairs to facilitate exchange of genetic material and prevent social losses. ▪ Maintenance of an in-situ database for crop species and other mandate species in existing reserves as well as wild crop relatives. ▪ Assist the collection officer in the collection of all plant genetic resources for food and agriculture (landraces, wild relatives and endangered medicinal plants) from all ecological zones. ▪ Assist in characterization, multiplication and regeneration activities of the national gene bank. The NPGRC has further initiated on-farm multiplication projects from 2005-2006 planting season, whereby local small-scale farmers are employed to conduct seed multiplication of previously collected accessions. Germplasm storage facilities (question 5.3) ▪ Short-term storage: 4°C (12 incubators, 2 upright freezers) ▪ Medium-term storage: -18°C (11 chest freezers) ▪ In vitro: (3 incubators – limited facility) ▪ Cryo-storage: (1 Cryo 100 not in use at present) ▪ Field: 42 accessions of Opuntia ficus-indica, 17 accessions of Colocasia esculentum and various medicinal plant species. Accessions held at National Genebank Abelmoschus esculentus Cucurbita sp. Phaseolus sp. Amaranthus sp. Eleusine coracana Pisum sativum Arachis hypogaea Fagopyrum esculentum Sesamum indicum Capsicum sp. Hibiscus sp. Solanum tuberosum Chenopodium album Ipomoea batatas Sorghum bicolor Citrullus lanatus Lagenaria siceraria Triticum aestivum Cleome gynandra Manihot esculentum Vigna radiata Colocasia esculenta Momordica sp. Vigna unguiculata Corchorus olitorius Nicotiana tabacum Vigna subterranea Cucumis sp. Pennisetum glaucum Zea mays Drying facilities/methods Refrigeration drying is used – dry room at 18°C and 15% RH
Page 1 and 2: Improving the identification, handl
Page 3 and 4: Improving the identification, handl
Page 5 and 6: 1. Project background Supported by
Page 7 and 8: 1.2. Workshop programme The worksho
Page 9 and 10: 1.3. FAO presentation International
Page 11 and 12: Activity Areas on Institutions and
Page 13 and 14: Through the Seed and Plant Genetic
Page 15 and 16: GSPC /ITPGRFA). Purpose: improved i
Page 17 and 18: Orthodox but dormant Although less
Page 19 and 20: 2. Country report summaries Support
Page 21 and 22: 2.2. BOTSWANA presentation Botswana
Page 23 and 24: ecently released a biodiversity str
Page 25 and 26: follows: ▪ Selection of good seed
Page 27 and 28: - Low Constant temperature oven met
Page 29 and 30: ▪ ▪ ▪ Blotting paper in Petri
Page 31 and 32: The second problem associated with
Page 33 and 34: inadequate seed numbers such as end
Page 35 and 36: 2.7. LESOTHO presentation Lesotho N
Page 37 and 38: 2.8. LIBYA presentation The Nationa
Page 39 and 40: 2.9. MALAWI presentation Malawi Pla
Page 41 and 42: Species that demonstrate low levels
Page 43 and 44: 2.10. MOZAMBIQUE presentation Agric
Page 45 and 46: Measuring seed moisture status ▪
Page 47 and 48: 2.13. SEYCHELLES presentation Minis
Page 49 and 50: Crops to be considered for conserva
Page 51: Drying facilities/methods The proto
Page 55 and 56: Legume forages Grass forages back,
Page 57 and 58: which the viability seemed to be de
Page 59 and 60: amount of moisture in that sample.
Page 61 and 62: ▪ Encourage and promote the conse
Page 63 and 64: efore the NPGRC acquired storage fa
Page 65 and 66: perennial wetland, as the field gen
Page 67 and 68: 3. Other stakeholders’ presentati
Page 69 and 70: IPGRI’s Vision People today and i
Page 71 and 72: ▪ ▪ ▪ Mali - Traditional seed
Page 73 and 74: ▪ Support services - development
Page 75 and 76: 3.3. SPGRC presentation Gene Bank M
Page 77 and 78: ▪ To fully operationalize SPGRC h
Page 79 and 80: ▪ have achieved the desk study an
Page 81 and 82: Mexican marigold and leaves of neem
Page 83 and 84: 4. RBG Kew species analysis Support
Page 85 and 86: Table 1. Families with greatest num
Page 87 and 88: Table 5. Completed tests and propor
Page 89 and 90: investigated were found to be recal
Page 91 and 92: 5.1. Format of group sessions Outpu
Page 93 and 94: 2. Most urgent training needs Main
Page 95 and 96: 5.3. GROUP 2 report Group members
Page 97 and 98: Top 5 equipment needs for group:
Page 99 and 100: esculentus Lycopersicon ▪ problem
Page 101 and 102: ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪
Page 103 and 104:
▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ Ethiopia - hygromet
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6. Plenary Supported by Also suppor
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- South Africa - direct new project
Page 109 and 110:
7. Annexe Supported by Also support
Page 111 and 112:
Mr. José de Menezes Ministry of Ag
Page 113 and 114:
7.2. Questionnaires (for reports) T
Page 115 and 116:
7.3. List of “difficult to conser
Page 117 and 118:
EBENACEAE Euclea undulate Improveme
Page 119 and 120:
POACEAE Sorghum bicolor Low viabili
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