Zimbabwe - Overseas Development Institute

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Figure 1. Ratio of Manutacturing Value Added to GDP. 1953 to 1983. 14 - 13 - 12 - I 1 - 10 -|—i 1—I—I—I 1—I 1—I 1—[ 1—; 1—I 1—I 1—I 1—i—1 1—1 I I \ 55 56 57 66 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 B3 Figure 2. Manufactured Value Added at Fixed (1980) Prices,1948-83. 900 -1 • — a 48495051525354 55565768596061 6263646566676869707172 737475 76777879 8081 82 83 Time period in Ycorr S:-rce for Figures 1&2: Zimbabwe, National Income and Expenditure Report The Census of Production, 1962,1967,1979/80,1983/84,CSO, Harare and Xriri^lv Digest of Statistics, various years
Figure 3. Manufacturing Volume Index, 1964 to 1987. 120 • I I s - 1 — I — I — I — I — I — I — 1 — I — 1 — r — I — I — 1 — I — r 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 7 S 7 9 8 D 8 1 62 83 84 85 86 87 Source: Digest of Statistics (Monthly and Quarterly) various years. Note: 1987 figures based on author's estimate based on January- August data and forecasts by the CZI and the Standard Chartered Bank of Zimbabwe. The s t r u c t u r e and ownership of Zimbabwe's manufacturing sector has an important bearing upon both i t s o r i g i n s and i t s e v o l u t i o n and thus needs to be h i g h l i g h t e d here. Although Zimbabwe i s an A f r i c a n country, neither d e c i s i o n s r e l a t e d to the establishment of the country's manufacturing base nor to i t s expansion owe very much to the indigenous black people of the country. Manufacturing has always been l a r g e l y owned, managed and operated by s k i l l e d personnel from e i t h e r the s e t t l e r white community or else owned by f o r e i g n c a p i t a l i n t e r e s t s which made use of these s e t t l e r s k i l l s . The l o c a l black population was used predominantly as u n s k i l l e d labour i n manufacturing up to the 1950s. Thereafter some openings were made f o r blacks to acquire s k i l l s , although these s k i l l s were s c a r c e l y r e f l e c t e d i n wage l e v e l s , status or a b i l i t y to achieve unimpeded upward job mobili t y u n t i l Independence'3. The 1981 National Manpower Survey recorded that w i t h i n the manufacturing sector, of a l l P r o f e s s i o n a l Technical and Related personnel i n employment, only 36% were black, and of a l l Managerial and A d m i n i s t r a t i v e personn e l , only 24% were black. As the proportion of black personnel i n the e n t i r e economy was 49% and 21% r e s p e c t i v e l y , i t i s apparent that d i s c r i m i n a t i o n i n senior posts was higher f o r manu-
Page 1 and 2: WORKING PAPER 25 INDUSTRIALISATION
Page 3 and 4: TABLE OF CONTENTS Page I. INTRODUCT
Page 5 and 6: FIGURES 1. Ratio of Manufacturing V
Page 7 and 8: manufacturing i n d u s t r y devel
Page 9: sub-sector (9), Metals and Metal Pr
Page 13 and 14: i n v o l v e an i n c r e a s i n
Page 15 and 16: involve an i n c r e a s i n g net
Page 17 and 18: and 2, above, the f i r s t ten yea
Page 19 and 20: Figure 5. Sources of Growth 1952/3
Page 21 and 22: predominant source of growth has l
Page 23 and 24: Figure 1952/53 to 1982/3. o. 0 0 0
Page 25 and 26: period 1952/53 to 1982/83, Foodstuf
Page 27 and 28: i-iz Additionally, i t i s also imp
Page 29 and 30: Foodstuffs ( l ) t o a high of 60%
Page 31 and 32: P r o t e c t i o n C o e f f i c i
Page 33 and 34: s i g n i f i c a n t l y although
Page 35 and 36: While these successes deserve due r
Page 37 and 38: marginal) r i s e i n the 1966 to 1
Page 39 and 40: drop i n imports required by the ma
Page 41 and 42: Beyond these measures, however, per
Page 43 and 44: The main d i f f i c u l t i e s f
Page 45 and 46: of a year or two, p r o d u c t i v
Page 47 and 48: i n Malawi^1, which produces implem
Page 49 and 50: emoving exchange c o n t r o l s ,
Page 51 and 52: f e r e n t i a l s and hence the d
Page 53 and 54: Figure 13. Index of Industrial Prod
Page 55 and 56: s u b s t a n t i a l export expans
Page 57 and 58: paid for by higher domestic food p
Page 59 and 60: f u r t h e r capacity so to expand
Page 61 and 62:
p r i o r n o t i f i c a t i o n ,
Page 63 and 64:
increase throughput and i n s t a l
Page 65 and 66:
V. AGRO-INDUSTRIAL LINKAGES 5.1 Mac
Page 67 and 68:
F i n a l l y the data from Figure
Page 69 and 70:
mn, compared with $310 mn used by s
Page 71 and 72:
paper and packaging (1%); f e r t i
Page 73 and 74:
6% f o r cotton. With the greater a
Page 75 and 76:
y the a g r i c u l t u r a l secto
Page 77 and 78:
VI. COMCLUSIONS 6.1 Some Missing El
Page 79 and 80:
o v e r a l l , 34% of a l l the in
Page 81 and 82:
In s p i t e of f o r e i g n excha
Page 83 and 84:
(1986b:62-63). 7. S t r i c t l y s
Page 85 and 86:
low f o r manufactured imports both
Page 87 and 88:
29. As gross output data f o r i r
Page 89 and 90:
43. Regrettably the a v a i l a b l
Page 91 and 92:
l e v e l s that both replacement i
Page 93 and 94:
i n such a c t i v i t i e s , Zimb
Page 95 and 96:
94. In 1938/39, t o t a l food expo
Page 97 and 98:
the l u c r a t i v e European (mos
Page 99 and 100:
h i g h l i g h t e d the divergenc
Page 101 and 102:
Clarke, D.G. (1980) Foreign Compani
Page 103:
R i d d e l l , R.C. {1981a) "Zimba
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Zimbabwe - Overseas Development Institute

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