Zimbabwe - Overseas Development Institute

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d i f f e r e n t time periods. As a proportion of t o t a l commodity exports, the c o n t r i b u t i o n of the manufacturing sector d i d increase i n the period 1938 to around 1975; however, as shown c l e a r l y i n Figure 6, manufacturing's r i s i n g share of t o t a l commodity exports p r o g r e s s i v e l y weakened over t h i s period. A f t e r the mid-1970s, t h i s steady, a l b e i t l e s s r a p i d , progress was q u i t e d r a m a t i c a l l y reversed^s. A f t e r the f i r s t three f u l l years of Independence, the proportion of manufacturing to t o t a l exports had f a l l e n back to the pre-UDI l e v e l s recorded i n 1963-65, although an equally dramatic recovery took place i n the three years from 1984 to 1986. However i f the exports of cotton l i n t and f e r r o - a l l o y s are deducted from both manufactured and t o t a l exports, then the proportionate post-Independence f a l l i s even more severe, b r i n g i n g the r a t i o of manufactured to t o t a l exports down to j u s t over 20%, back to the l e v e l p r e v i o u s l y achieved i n the e a r l y 1950s, with only marginal recovery i n the f i n a l 1984 to 1986 period. Figure 6. Manufacturing to Total Commodity Exports, 1939 to 1986. 50 0 - i i — 1 — I — I — I — I — 1 — I — I — ) — I — I — r — I — I — I — I — I — I — 1 — I — I — I — I — I — » 41 43 45 47 49 61 53 55 57 59 61 63 65 e? 65 71 7J 75 77 79 81 83 84 85 86 Mfcbjred o^a- Totol ExportoCNonGold) -f- LciS FrChr. • All Mfcired Exports: Ctn Lnt Source: as for Figure 7 and unpublished trade data, CSO (1987). An equally c l e a r , although not i d e n t i c a l , p i c t u r e of s t r u c t u r a l change i s evident from examining the r e l a t i o n over time of manufactured exports to the t o t a l gross output of the manufacturing sector. As shown i n Figure 7, by the e a r l y post-Independence period only some 10% of t o t a l manufacturing output was being exported compared with about 18% i n the l a t e 1970s and a peak l e v e l of around 26% at the commencement of UDI. The marked contrast between the Federal and UDI periods i s shown
Figure 1952/53 to 1982/3. o. 0 0 0 L Jit 26 - \ 25 - \ 2+ ^ \ 23 - \ 22 - \ 21 - 20 - o 19 - \ \ t 18 - o 17 - \ 16 - \ 0 \ 0 IS - \ O ft: 1 4 - \ 13 - \ 12 - \ I 1 - \ 1 D - ' 1 ] [ r I I 1 1 1 1 1 1 J I 52/5354/5556/5758/5960/6162/6364/6566/6763/6970/7172/7374/7576/7778/7960/8182/8! Sources for Figures 6,7 and 8: External Trade, various years. Monthly Digest of Census of Production Data, various years. Statement of Statistics, various years. Figure 8. Sub-sectoral Contribution to Total Manufacturing Exports, 1952/53 to 1982/83. 1952/53 Monufactured sub —^c^ors [Vq 1964/65 K?^ 197S/79 XVv"^ • 982/83
Page 1 and 2: WORKING PAPER 25 INDUSTRIALISATION
Page 3 and 4: TABLE OF CONTENTS Page I. INTRODUCT
Page 5 and 6: FIGURES 1. Ratio of Manufacturing V
Page 7 and 8: manufacturing i n d u s t r y devel
Page 9 and 10: sub-sector (9), Metals and Metal Pr
Page 11 and 12: Figure 3. Manufacturing Volume Inde
Page 13 and 14: i n v o l v e an i n c r e a s i n
Page 15 and 16: involve an i n c r e a s i n g net
Page 17 and 18: and 2, above, the f i r s t ten yea
Page 19 and 20: Figure 5. Sources of Growth 1952/3
Page 21: predominant source of growth has l
Page 25 and 26: period 1952/53 to 1982/83, Foodstuf
Page 27 and 28: i-iz Additionally, i t i s also imp
Page 29 and 30: Foodstuffs ( l ) t o a high of 60%
Page 31 and 32: P r o t e c t i o n C o e f f i c i
Page 33 and 34: s i g n i f i c a n t l y although
Page 35 and 36: While these successes deserve due r
Page 37 and 38: marginal) r i s e i n the 1966 to 1
Page 39 and 40: drop i n imports required by the ma
Page 41 and 42: Beyond these measures, however, per
Page 43 and 44: The main d i f f i c u l t i e s f
Page 45 and 46: of a year or two, p r o d u c t i v
Page 47 and 48: i n Malawi^1, which produces implem
Page 49 and 50: emoving exchange c o n t r o l s ,
Page 51 and 52: f e r e n t i a l s and hence the d
Page 53 and 54: Figure 13. Index of Industrial Prod
Page 55 and 56: s u b s t a n t i a l export expans
Page 57 and 58: paid for by higher domestic food p
Page 59 and 60: f u r t h e r capacity so to expand
Page 61 and 62: p r i o r n o t i f i c a t i o n ,
Page 63 and 64: increase throughput and i n s t a l
Page 65 and 66: V. AGRO-INDUSTRIAL LINKAGES 5.1 Mac
Page 67 and 68: F i n a l l y the data from Figure
Page 69 and 70: mn, compared with $310 mn used by s
Page 71 and 72: paper and packaging (1%); f e r t i
Page 73 and 74:
6% f o r cotton. With the greater a
Page 75 and 76:
y the a g r i c u l t u r a l secto
Page 77 and 78:
VI. COMCLUSIONS 6.1 Some Missing El
Page 79 and 80:
o v e r a l l , 34% of a l l the in
Page 81 and 82:
In s p i t e of f o r e i g n excha
Page 83 and 84:
(1986b:62-63). 7. S t r i c t l y s
Page 85 and 86:
low f o r manufactured imports both
Page 87 and 88:
29. As gross output data f o r i r
Page 89 and 90:
43. Regrettably the a v a i l a b l
Page 91 and 92:
l e v e l s that both replacement i
Page 93 and 94:
i n such a c t i v i t i e s , Zimb
Page 95 and 96:
94. In 1938/39, t o t a l food expo
Page 97 and 98:
the l u c r a t i v e European (mos
Page 99 and 100:
h i g h l i g h t e d the divergenc
Page 101 and 102:
Clarke, D.G. (1980) Foreign Compani
Page 103:
R i d d e l l , R.C. {1981a) "Zimba
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Zimbabwe - Overseas Development Institute

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