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Preprint typeset in JHEP style - HY
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- 2 - 6. Classical fermionic supers
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- 4 - bosons and Ramond’s fermion
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- 6 - ? Type I Type IIB E 8 x E 8 h
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- 8 - 2. Relativistic particle Cons
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- 10 - are called the first class c
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- 12 - which is in complete agreeme
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- 14 - The Nambu-Goto action ∫
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- 16 - Exercise Show that the Hessi
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- 18 - 3.2.3 Conformal gauge Consid
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- 20 - which result into We see tha
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- 22 - Analogously, {¯L m , X µ }
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- 24 - 3.3.1 Solutions of the equat
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- 26 - i.e. the total mass momentum
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- 28 - It follows from the Schwarz
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- 30 - 2. Varying w.r.t. γ τσ le
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- 32 - The physical Hamiltonian and
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- 34 - Orbits of the Virasoro algeb
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- 36 - Let us outline the computati
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- 38 - Thus, we arrive at {l i− ,
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- 40 - One can correctly anticipate
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- 42 - Using α µ q α µ m+n−q
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- 44 - Here N is the number operato
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- 46 - string spectrum and makes it
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- 48 - Thus, for τ > τ ′ one ob
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where the expression on the r.h.s.
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- 52 - Plugging everything together
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- 54 - where we assume that τ 1 >
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- 56 - It also follows from the sca
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- 58 - 4.2 Quantization in the phys
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- 60 - Here by arrow we indicated t
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- 62 - Thus, our commutator takes t
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- 64 - level α ′ mass 2 rep of S
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- 66 - representations of the trans
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- 68 - Let us illustrate this proce
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- 70 - Here c α is called a ghost
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- 72 - The ghosts and anti-ghosts a
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- 74 - The expression in the bracke
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- 76 - One can check that these obj
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¡ ¡ £¢ ¢ - 78 - from the cylin
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- 80 - coordinate chart ¡ ¢¡¢¡
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- 82 - The last formula can be unde
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- 84 - i.e the conformal factor φ
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- 86 - The last term here reflects
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- 88 - i.e. it is not normalizable.
- Page 91 and 92: - 90 - gluing the opposite sides to
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- Page 95 and 96: - 94 - d(d−1) 2 local Lorentz tra
- Page 97 and 98: - 96 - The two-dimensional Dirac ma
- Page 99 and 100: - 98 - The “flat” and “curved
- Page 101 and 102: - 100 - Here D α ɛ = ∂ α ɛ
- Page 103 and 104: - 102 - By using reparametrizations
- Page 105 and 106: - 104 - Consider first the commutat
- Page 107 and 108: - 106 - Now we note that in additio
- Page 109 and 110: - 108 - One can also check that the
- Page 111 and 112: - 110 - The oscillator ground state
- Page 113 and 114: - 112 - and similar for ML 2 . For
- Page 115 and 116: - 114 - real components. Thus, the
- Page 117 and 118: - 116 - we get Since a general stat
- Page 119 and 120: - 118 - that of Type IIB supergravi
- Page 121 and 122: - 120 - In this form the Hamiltonia
- Page 123 and 124: - 122 - group” was introduced by
- Page 125 and 126: - 124 - where the operator Q k (x,
- Page 127 and 128: - 126 - where we have substituted
- Page 129 and 130: - 128 - D. Riemann normal coordinat
- Page 131 and 132: - 130 - E. Exercises Exercise 1. Sh
- Page 133 and 134: - 132 - Exercise 10. • Show that
- Page 135 and 136: - 134 - Exercise 16. Prove that tha
- Page 137 and 138: - 136 - where A(m) is a function of
- Page 139 and 140: - 138 - Exercise 38. Compute the th
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