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epository for history and culture; and (f) authentic value that symbolizes uniqueness and
authenticity 5 . In short, cultural value indicates culture that is not just an instrument of
development but a multifaceted concept that is a basic developmental factor.
Similarly, Taejoo Lee (2012) viewed the relationship between culture and development
from two separate perspectives: Culture in Development (CID) and Culture and
Development (CAD). The former highlights the importance of culture in the development
process and thus focuses on the development strategy where culture is viewed as a means; the
essence of culture is thought to be the very basis of happiness, identity, and sustainability,
while cultural values are recognized as the purpose of development. This classification is in
line with Throsby's suggestions 6 .
When looking at the relationship between culture and development from the perspective of
classifications for international development cooperation, the domain of economic value or
CID may be regarded as the basis for the sector of development, since culture is viewed as a
tool for development. Cultural value or CAD, on the other hand, can be approached as an
interdisciplinary or cross-cutting issue since culture here is examined as a purpose or basis
across overall areas of international development.
II. Why is Culture Yet to be Established as a Sector of Development?
Is culture a sector of development? It is not, at least on the institutional dimension of
current international development practices. As illustrated in the table below, major
international aid organizations have designated education, public health, environment
(climate change and water resources), and governance as common aid areas, while choosing
additional sectors depending on the circumstances of individual countries.
(Table) Classification of development sectors by international aid organizations
World Bank
DFID
(United Kingdom)
USAID
(United States)
KOICA
(Korea)
Education Education Education and training Education
Health and social
services
Health Global health Health
Climate change and
environment
Environment Climate change
5 Throsby (2012), p. 54
6 Lee, Taejoo (2012). A new trend of international development cooperation in the field of culture. 2nd
Roundtable on Culture and Development: Cultural Contemplation of and Alternatives to Korea's International
Development Cooperation. UNESCO. p. 52.