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advanced architecture, crafts, music, and dance. The craftsmanship of these people is mostly
developed at the family level. Master jewelry craftsmen, stone craftsmen, and carpenters
form communities. Master craftsmen train village children, and knowledge is passed through
generations as tradition. Dakson and McGregor (2012)'s in-depth interviews in the region
clearly show that development achieved through tradition helps maintain cultural diversity
and promotes the development of communities.
Although the immediate economic effects from the craft production and cultural activities
are not substantial, the benefits are big in light of life autonomy, well-being, and the
livelihood sustainability of community members. Behind the success of Kandi's livelihood
model lies three major factors: First, craftsmen inherit the tradition of their people and further
develop skills within their culture. To the indigenous people, it is important to achieve selfdevelopment
by increasing their cultural autonomy and competence while conserving their
tradition. Crafts in Kandi exist in arts and culture that originate in tradition. Crafts can be
considered to be a genre of art represented by culture as a tool - i.e. material culture - rather
than culture as a simple value. They constitute an important part representing material culture.
Second, in the Kandi model, all family members play a big role in overcoming poverty by
making the most of their abilities. Especially in developing countries, women are known to
play the most significant role in household income. To earn more income, both men and
women must participate as the labor force. Generally, women have no choice but to work as
street vendors or other such simple manual work that does not require special skills. In
contrast, women in Kandi have learned and mastered traditional skills for generations, thus
playing an important role in the economy. They are not just housewives; they build
confidence in their abilities by producing results as crafts experts.
Finally, residents of Kandi showed a high level of satisfaction in doing traditional work,
which led to a stronger identity of community and increased solidarity. The case of Kandi is
keeping with the concept of social capital in that social and economic development can be
easily achieved in societies where reciprocity is valued due to the existence of social
networks and strong solidarity (Putnam, 1995).
Thus, a sustainable livelihood model for overcoming poverty, as made evident in Kandi's
case, is centered on sustained education aimed at providing jobs and fostering future
craftsmen in the crafts industry, with the major components of this model being craftsmen,
women, and the local community. Jobs have been created, educational systems continued
through craftsmen who are autonomous and competent in their work, women have become