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continues unchecked. There must be assistance and measures that goes further. Of course, the
ideal solution is to educate the poor out of poverty.
Yet at a time when education is also becoming a “dependent variable,” an environment
where people can continue to receive education is required for it to work. Such an
environment can be created by means of “immigration” and “emigration,” and new habits can
be formed under a new educational environment. However, this approach denies the
recipients of their cultural diversity and is not sustainable.
In the end, the necessity for cultural perspective and strategy is to find “a practical way of
thinking that acknowledges the cultural diversity of each region and that can overcome
poverty at the same time.” In other words, it is about finding new and creative cultural
elements that can help overcome poverty. This raises a fundamental question: What exactly is
culture?
1) Cultural Approach to Poverty
Many researchers explain culture based on their own concepts and background knowledge.
However, cultures differ greatly according to historical, institutional, political and
geographical factors, which make it very difficult to define what it is. Culture does not exist
on its own; it is influenced by a number of factors such as politics, economy, nature, and
history. In the context of poverty research, Dakson and Binns (2010) thought that culture is
closely connected with sustainable livelihood, because livelihood is influenced by traditional
customs, knowledge, beliefs, technologies, social institutions, languages, identities, and
tangible heritage. Cahn (2002) also said that there is a strong connection between culture and
livelihood, and that livelihood is only sustainable when it is within culture and traditions.
Because factors such as risk, vulnerability, resources, livelihood strategies, politics, gender
roles, personal relationships, and social norms are affected by culture, sustainable livelihood
patterns are created through social traditions and customs.
To summarize, culture is a mix of components that includes values, communication, and
symbolism, as well as a way of life that is influenced by said components. It provides
strategies for survival as well as livelihood choices and opportunities based on available
resources. It influences group behavior; and is passed from one generation to another
(Kulatunga, 2010). Nonetheless, programs are still enacted that are doomed to fail due to a
lack of understanding of cultural variables and inadequate response to development. There
are numerous instances where public facilities are installed in unnecessary places and school