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Water, sanitation and
flood protection
Water and sanitation
Food and nutrition
Public
administration, law,
and justice
Governance
Democracy and
governance
Governance (public
administration)
Disasters and
emergencies
Humanitarian
assistance
Industry and trade
Economic growth and
trade
Global partnerships
Agriculture, fishing,
and forestry
Agriculture, forestry
and fishery
Energy and mining
Industry and energy
Finance
Information and
communication
Transportation
(Cross-cutting
programs)
Cross-cutting
(environment,
gender, ICT, human
rights)
The lack of culture in the sectors can be explained in three ways: First, culture tends to be
unsuccessful in driving international sensationalism and creating a macroscopic discourse
meant to tackle a global crisis. In other words, culture has little chance to form a
comprehensive global governance system to ensure international cooperation, unlike issues
such as the physical aftermath of warfare and terrorism, natural disasters triggered by
environmental problems and climate change, and the threat of financial crisis to economies
worldwide. While there are cultural heritages that are in danger of demolition, the impacts of
such threats are negligible on the international scale and thus fail to make people recognize
the situation as a global crisis.
Second, even if cultural issues can be successfully raised, it remains difficult for culture to
provide sufficient incentive for people to take action. Environmental issues have generated
booming industries, and new guidelines such as carbon emission rights have led to lucrative
business opportunities on the flip side of the ongoing discourse on the environmental crisis.
In contrast, although culture has been successfully commercialized on a large scale in
developed countries, this is not true in the case of developing countries, where the role and
capability of culture is still weak, as is the link between culture and the national economy.