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and self-motivation. Self-control, self-motivation, and social capital ultimately lead to
happiness, which can facilitate social development. In other words, the respect for cultural
diversity is the starting point for initiating a positive development in individuals and the
society as a whole.
A cultural model for overcoming poverty can be drawn based on the studies so far.
(Figure 2) Cultural model for overcoming poverty
A more specific agenda can also be provided, taking into account the psychology of
scarcity of the poor based on the construal level theory of cognitive psychology. Poor people
generally use more low-level construals that focus on events in the near future than high-level
construals that focus on events further in the future. In this situation, the best way for the poor
to escape poverty would be to show pro-social behaviors, which can bring positive outcomes
in their behavior. For this to happen, individual's construal levels must coincide with
motivation levels. This means that no outcome can be expected by asking the poor, who are
struggling to make ends meet today, to think about their distant future and to cooperate for
everyone’s benefit.
As the motivation levels of the poor remain at the near future, nudge-like stimuli and shortterm
assistance that provide immediate gratification should be provided, rather than solutions
targeted at a distant future. Yet from a long-term perspective, low-level construals weaken
self-control and trigger instant consumption and behavior, making it more difficult to
overcome poverty in the long run. Therefore, motivation for the poor should gradually
become abstract and future-oriented to guide them to high-level construals and eventually
change their life. Only in this way can the poor ultimately get closer to overcoming poverty.
Finally, applying the principle of “seeing is believing” is important in overcoming poverty.
When people see what they have made in front of their eyes, they attach great meaning to it.
That is why tangible cultural heritage such as crafts is important, because it provides a venue
to realize their labor through material culture founded on the values of tradition. No matter
the importance of freedom and prosperity, local residents will perceive the values differently