mexico, support for the development and uptake of - Unido

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Synthesis of the National Circumstances In this introductory subsection a brief synthesis of the Country’s situation is presented, containing aggregate data on the economy; environment and GHG emissions, and the energy and the industrial sectors, to help to locate the UNIDO-Austria Project within the national circunstances. Mexico’s Economy Mexico is the largest Latin American economy, the 8th within the OECD countries (but the second lowest in per capita) and according to the World Bank’s last report 2 continues to be the 10 th world economy (but the 80th in per-capita in the world). The Country possesses 12% of the biodiversity of the world, its geographical area is very near to 2 million square kilometers and the population reaches 105 million inhabitants this year. Mexico is the 7th country in commercial exchange within the World Trade Organization (WTO), exports added to 28% of the GDP (manufactured goods 87.3%, oil and derivatives 9.8%, agricultural products 2.5%) 3 . Table 1 Three-monthly GDP, 2005 Total Manufacturing industry 2005/01 7,906,146 1,282,572 INEGI National Accounting System, 2005. Million current pesos. Services constitute 68% of the economy, industry 28% and the primary sector 4%. The national industry is very competitive in some areas, like oil and gas, cement, auto motors production, soft drinks and beer, as well as the telecommunication services. Environment and climate change 4 The economic growth is still not separated from the environmental deterioration. The only exception being the energy intensity (4,304 KJ/$pesos at 1994 and 4,184 KJ/$pesos at 1999) showing a reduction of CO 2 emissions per GDP unit during the past decade. Mexico signed the Climate Change Convention in 1992 and ratified at 1993. The Kyoto Protocol was early ratified (2000). The Country has fulfilled all its commitments to the Convention. According to the last complete inventory (1996) 5 , Mexico’s CO 2 emissions added to 514.0 Tg (74% of the total for all GHGs). Place in the world: 14th in total emissions and 17th in CO 2 per capita (3,460 kg/capita in 1995). At present the 3 rd National communication is being prepared, including the update of the inventory of emissions. The last Emission Inventory also covered some partial aspects for 1998: Energy related: 350.4 Tg (fix, area sources and transport. Combustion: 245.8 Tg (fix and area sources only). 2 Atlas, World Development Indicators 2005, World Bank, Press releases, July 2005. 3 Along this study the Mexican usual convention is used: decimal point and comma to separate thousands. 4 Very recently (July 2005), INE opened a climate change page at: cambio_climatico.ine.gob.mx/index2.html 5 MEXICO, 2a National Communication, SEMARNAT, INE, July 2001. See also http://www.ine.gob.mx/dgicurg/cclimatico/inventario2.html Chapter I, UNIDO-AUSTRIA 12
Figure 1. Percentage emissions CO 2 equivalent. 6 Table 2 Sector emissions, 1998 7 Combustion emissions 1998 (Tg) Industry 62.4 (Mineral and Metal products (44.3) plus Chemical industry) Energy industry 47.3 Electricity generation 101.3 All sectors total (without biomass) 245.8 Energy sector 8 The energy sector is dominant in the Country GHG emissions, and includes the two energy related monopolies, for oil, gas and basic petrochemistry PEMEX (Petroleos Mexicanos) and for electric public service CFE (Comisión Federal de Electricidad). (See Subsection I.2.2). The last published Energy Balance is available for the year 2003 9 . Table 3 Primary Energy Production (Exajoules): Total 2003 10.06 Hydrocarbons 90.9% Electricity 3.8% Biomass 3.4% Coal 1.9% 6 See http://www.ine.gob.mx/dgicurg/cclimatico/inventario2.html 7 (CO 2 eq.) CO 2 100 years equivalent. 8 Ministry of Energy, SENER, www.energia.gob.mx 9 Balance Nacional de Energia 2003, SENER, 2004. Chapter I, UNIDO-AUSTRIA 13
Page 1 and 2: MEXICO, SUPPORT FOR THE DEVELOPMENT
Page 3 and 4: IV.1.2 PROJECT RECEPTION AND CDM DE
Page 5 and 6: LIST OF ACRONYMS Acronym AEAEE Asso
Page 7 and 8: IEA International Energy Agency IET
Page 9 and 10: BOXES, TABLES AND FIGURES Boxes: Bo
Page 11: Mexico is one of the selected devel
Page 15 and 16: Carbon CFE 2,600 5.6 Geothermal CFE
Page 17 and 18: In addition to the increase in effi
Page 19 and 20: On other hand, the international me
Page 21 and 22: I.1.- REVIEW AND LISTING OF CDM STA
Page 23 and 24: National Commission on Foreign Inve
Page 25 and 26: Private sector enterprises Multiple
Page 27 and 28: Ecosecurities Empresas ESM SA DE CV
Page 29 and 30: North American Commission for Envir
Page 31 and 32: Energy saving and Cogeneration Is o
Page 33 and 34: Fuel-switching Is a priority area i
Page 35 and 36: • Biomass and biofuels Is a prior
Page 37 and 38: Scudder Latin American Power Fund (
Page 39 and 40: • Construction Is a priority area
Page 41 and 42: Industry Is a priority area in the
Page 43 and 44: I.1.3.- COOPERATION WITH AUSTRIA Au
Page 45 and 46: Austrian Organizations 66 Kommunalk
Page 47 and 48: cannot contradict the Federal Laws.
Page 49 and 50: • Exploration, exploitation, refi
Page 51 and 52: The following diagram describes the
Page 53 and 54: A proposal has been recently presen
Page 55 and 56: Policy barriers The energy transiti
Page 57 and 58: Development within the Federal Gove
Page 59 and 60: SEMARNAT counts with several depend
Page 61 and 62: I.3.- INTERMINISTERIAL COMMISSION O
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Appointed by the President of the C
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The project design document (PDD),
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Mexican procedural sequence for pro
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• Production of a Project Idea No
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Is to be noted that the certificati
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Of the 22 projects at present in th
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13 AWMS GHG Mitigation Project MX05
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Mexican CDM projects at the interna
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National Institute of Ecology, INE
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• Approved Environmental Impact A
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views on opportunities of collabora
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City and the Center also has been s
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• preparation of PINs or PDDs;
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Eng. Gisela Tristán Project Engine
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Construction Forestry Industry gene
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activities will be at the beginning
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projects These developments provide
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Authorities (DNAs), both prerequisi
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Millennium Development Goal 8 as we
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dialogue and cooperation. Therefore
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Draft 1, UNIDO-AUSTRIA 103
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Capacity-building workshops on deve
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Business Council for Sustainable De
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Electric Power Development Energy I
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Impulsora Nacional de Electricidad,
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Ministry of Environment and Natural
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SEMPRA Energy (USA) Exploring CDM o
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World Bank, Protocol Carbon Support
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National Campaign for Saving and In
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ANNEX I-D ENERGY SERVICE COMPANIES
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North-South Trade & Investment, S.A
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Quimycal Techint, S.A. de C.V. quim
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ANNEX I-E ACADEMIC SECTOR DIRECTORY
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# INDEPENDENT POWER PRODUCER PERMIT
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Sub-step 3 b. Show that the identif
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(SARH), 1991-1992. “Leyes Federal
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