Assessment, Conservation and Sustainable Use of Forest Biodiversity

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Institutional and socio-economic aspects Of the total forest area, 40-45% are semi-natural forests originating from natural regeneration and differing only slightly from natural forests in terms of species composition. More than 70 fragments of natural and virgin forests with a total area of 18,000-20,000 ha (1% of all forests) are found in Slovakia (KorpeL’ 1993). Frames for Forest Biodiversity Conservation The first nature reserves in the territory of Slovakia were declared by the forestry authorities at the end of the 19th century. At present, the IUCN nature conservation categories I (strict nature reserves) and II (national parks) cover 19% of the forest land in the country. There are 561 strict nature reserves of which 93.5% (87,623 ha) and 6 national parks of which 80% (283,601 hectares) are forests. Another 460 ths. hectares are included in the IUCN categories III-VI represented mainly by the Protected Landscape Areas. Establishment of the gene reserve forests has a central role among the systematic forestry activities aimed at conservation of forest biodiversity. With the aim to provide condition for long-term conservation of forest genetic resources, 32 ths. hectares of gene reserve forests were declared or proposed for declaration by January 2000. Minimum area of each gene reserve forest is 100 hectares, which provides relatively good basis for sustainable genetic, species and partially also forest ecosystem conservation. Under adequate management, each gene reserve provides an opportunity to demonstrate dynamic conservation of forest biodiversity but also practical applicability of nature-conforming forestry methods. National system for conservation of forest genetic resources includes in situ and ex situ measures: approved stands for seed collection (55,221 hectares), plus trees (3,204 registered plus trees), seed orchards (81 units - 203 ha), two clonal archives (comprising approximately 1,000 genotypes) and the Forest seed bank with 350 entries. In 1998, preparation of a completely new national forestry legislation started. A draft of a new Forest Act was subjected to inter-sectoral discussion in 2001. It includes several new elements, which should help to mitigate discrepancies between the forestry and nature conservation. Promotion of the category of Valuable Woodland Habitats should allow for more efficient biodiversity conservation also in the forests with the priority of wood production function. 117
Assessment, Conservation and Sustainable Use of Forest Biodiversity INDEX by Authors Alexeev, A.S. 22 Arianoutsou, M. 76 Bäurle, G. 83 Buhmann, T. 80 Campos, J.J.A. 5 Capobianco, J.P. 25 Chabounine, D.A. 60 Chikuni, A.C. 92 Daly-Hassen, H. 107 Davey, S. M. 78 Dorochine, A.V. 62 Egan, S. 49 Egorov, A.A. 22 Egorova, G.L. 22 ElHadji, S. 98 Ellenberg, H. 28, 30, 80, 88 Fedorchuk, V.N. 22 Finegan, B. 5 G.von Oheimb, 88 Gauberville, C. 22 Grirorieva, S.O. 22 Hardy, C. L. 59 Häusler, A. 83 Heuveldop, J. 88 Hoare, J.R.L. 78 Hossain, M. K. 33, 41 Jackson, P.S.W. 1 Kainja, S. 91 Kaipainen, J. 51 Kamwendo, J.S. 92 Kriebitzsch, W.U. 30, 88 Kuehnast, O. 80 Leschen, R. A. B. 59 Leverington, A. 49 Maas, J. B. 39 Mansoura, A. B. 107 Marks, S. A. 95 Maslakov, S.Ye. 56 Medou, C.M. 68 Miah, Md. D. 41 Michael W. Ryan 78 Mikkela, H. 51 Mitchell, A.W. 43 Mitchell, C. 49 Nasi, R. 16 Nettels, T. 28 Nikkola, E. 51 Nikolaeva, M. 46 Nikolaeva, M.A. 60 Nurit Bensusan 25 Paquin, P. 59 Pelevina, N. 46 Pelevina, N.N. 60 Playford, J. 49 Postolache, G. 54 Raju,M.P.11 Ramos, A. 25 Rao, K. T. 110 Rolla, A. 25 Romanger, B. 102 Rumba, K. E. 78 Sattler, P. 49 Scherer-Lorenzen, M. 83 Sergienko, V. 97 Shutov, I. 74 Sinha, D. 106 Stephens, M. 78 Suoheimo, J. 51 Teleuta, A. 54 Villalobos, R. 5 Vlasov, R. 74 Williamson, D. 98 Zhigunov, A.V. 56 118
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