Assessment, Conservation and Sustainable Use of Forest Biodiversity

Assessment, Conservation and Sustainable Use of Forest Biodiversity
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GENETIC SPECIALTIES OF CONIFEROUS TREE GEOGRAPHICAL
POPULATIONS ON THE NORTH-WEST OF RUSSIA
Marina Nikolaeva, Natalia Pelevina
Institutsky Pr., 21, Saint-Petersburg
Forestry Research
Institute
Keywords: geographic crops, genotype, growth, preservation, origin of seeds, inheritance, seed breed
Background
The study of variability, proceed from the formula: genotype = phenotype + environment, has purpose to
reveal the distribution of intraspecific diversity in populations, that is the study of geographical variation of
species (and kind) in connection with environment (Pravdin, 1973). One of the main methods for this study
is creation of net of the geographical crops. Proceed from the All-Union program of 1972 year on the northwest
of the country geographical crops of Coniferous tree are planted in 4 regions: Leningrad, Vologda, Pskov,
Iaroslavl. In the most complete way specific diversity is presented in cultivations of Leningrad region: pine,
spruce, and introductional breed – larch and cedar pine.
Study System
In the capacity of the united document for Russia was accepted the method (1972). Now these young stands
are from 17 to 25 years. The number of acounted trees is not less than 150 per variant. At the different age
stages preservation and conditions of plantations, mean growth parameters – diameter and height were
determined. Mean height was determined by height graphs. More detailed research works were conducted in
the spruce crops on recognition of forms – properties in the frame of population.
Results and discussions
Different reaction of aboriginal provenances – pine and spruce, to the change of climatic conditions is
observed. North forms of Scotch pine, including its subspecies P. lapponica, genetically are more stable against
mushroom disease shutte, which has took place at the earliest stages of plants development. And when crops
are 22 years old climatypes with, provenance from coniferous forest zone (59° – 63° North) had 50-66%
preservation, to 8% from steppe zone; connection of preservation with latitude remain invariable
considerable, r =0,67. During the period of observation in geographical cultivation of spruce is retraced
lowering of stability to new growing conditions of north breeds, r = -0,50, and east , r = -0,27. Climatypes of
Picea abies and P. fennica with properties P. abies are marked good preservation, 58-80% , (54,4° –61,7° North;
25,6° –37,0° East). Till 5-10 years the growth of crops to greater degree was defined by technological factor and
soil conditions, than by genetic and physiology-ecological peculiarities of seed breed. The age of 9-10-years is
a period of the beginning of closing the crowns in rows, when competitive relations among trees arise, it is
characterized by diminution of increase in high on 5-10% (Kairjukshtis, 1976). The share of genotypical
influence on speed of growth is reducing, rang status of coniferous climatypes, become smooth. At the
following closing of crowns mutual oppression weaken and the current increase rise again. The more to the
north and east the point of pine seeds storage is, the worse growth is to the end of the first age class, as in
height (r = -0,41; r = -0,31), so in diameter (r =-0,55;r = -0,44). The best variants are – from zone of deciduous
forests; the more heigh are (middle H = 10,0 m) – Pskov, Mogilev, Moscow. Among climatypes from zone of
coniferous forests local – Laningrad sharply differs at speed of growth. In the majority of breeds of Picea abies
is observed tendency of rise in rang (Pskov is the leader, middle H=8,2 m). Climatypes of P.sibirica and
P.fennica (Murmansk, Archangelsk, Perm, Sverdlovsk, Tatar, Kirov region and central part of Karelia),
continue falling behind in growth.
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