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WMATA Real-Time Parking Information Feasibility Study Chapter 4: REAL-TIME PARKING TECHNOLOGY customer satisfaction and a reduction in vehicle miles of travel and associated emissions; however, results to date have been inconclusive. • Internal A number of systems currently include internal wayfinding to direct users to available spaces in parking garages. Siemens has installed an ultrasonic-based system in the Munich airport that provides automated guidance within a facility. Vehicles are detected within the facility and directed to available spaces. A similar system is in operation at the Baltimore airport. The Seattle airport also includes in-facility wayfinding assistance that directs vehicles to available spaces. Internal wayfinding helps maximize utilization of available spaces and reduces the time spent searching for a space. Internal wayfinding systems generally require a finer level of detail in vehicle detection. At a minimum, signage and detection capacity are needed to identify enroute vehicles and communicate to them the locations of available spaces. The Munich and Baltimore airport systems mentioned above include space level detection to guide a driver to a specific vacant space. The Seattle system does not include space-level detection but instead uses subzones within the facility and includes general directions to parts of the facility with available spaces. Technology Summary Table 4-3 summarizes the technological options available for this project. It shows the various characteristics of each technological option: timeframe for implementation, benefits, issues, generalized costs, and other factors. A more detailed evaluation is presented in Chapter 5 relative to the application to WMATA stations. A review of the technologies and their applications to the functional requirements identified earlier in this document indicated very few examples where a technology is not capable of accomplishing the objective. Many additional factors will be utilized to help ultimately determine which technologies are eventually used. At this preliminary stage, it should be assumed that any technology is capable of accomplishing the overall goals and objectives. While the system is not being designed at this point, it is helpful for those reviewing the technologies to have an idea of what a generic system may look like. Figure 4-3 illustrates a generic system layout at the parking facility and shows how that system interacts with related systems. Page 4-14 June 2009
WMATA Real-Time Parking Information Feasibility Study Chapter 4: REAL-TIME PARKING TECHNOLOGY Table 4-3 Summary of Technology Option Beneifts and Issues Technological Option Timeframe for implementation Benefits Issues WMATA Applicability Existing Systems: Identipark/Nortech (Beijing Olympics) 9-12 Months Medium Intelligent Devices Inc (JFK Airport) 9-12 Months Medium Schick Electronics (BMI Airport) 9-12 Months High Siemens (Munich Airport) 9-12 Months High Streetline Networks (San Francisco) 9-12 Months High Custom System: Controller Software (Custom) 9-12 Months High Detection Induction Loop Detectors 3-6 Months Reliable, widely deployed 5 year lifespan High Magnetometers 3-6 Months Ultrasonic 3-6 Months Can be installed in or on pavement, can operate on battery power with wireless connection Flexible, can be installed over right-of-way, next most common to loop detectors Cannot detect stationary vehicles, must be used with other forms of detection. High Can be affected by extreme wind and temperature. Medium Passive Infrared 3-6 Months Can be configured to process multiple zones No parking applications have yet to be identified. Low Active Infrared (Laser) 3-6 Months Can detect multiple zones No parking applications have yet to be identified. Low Video 3-6 Months Can be configured to detect up to 4 zones. Can use existing equipment. Microwave Radar 3-6 Months Can detect up to eight zones, not weather sensitive For best performance must be placed 50 feet above pavement. Lighting variations also impact system performance Mostly used in highway applications. No parking applications have yet to be identified. High Low Cabinets, Controllers, Etc. (required) 3-6 Months High Data Communications Sensor to Processor wireless - unlicensed (magnetometers 1-3 Months Cheaper to install Not as reliable, may have security issues only) Cable (twisted pair) 1-3 Months Cheaper to install lower bandwidth Fiber 1-3 Months Most secure and highest bandwidth Expensive Processor to station Fiber 1-3 Months Most secure and highest bandwidth Expensive, but this is a short distance Station to central server Existing fiber 1-3 Months Existing makes existing system more complex Central server to other agencies Internet or fiber 3-6 Months Will serve many purposes Not yet completed Central server to public DMS 1-3 Months Very visible to all traffic passing the sign Requires VDOT operations and maintenance Internet 1-3 Months Available to most and works well with mobile applications HAR 1-3 Months Available on all routes approaching a facility Requires extensive new maintenance Traveler Information Dynamic Message Signs (DMS) 1-3 Months Very visible to all traffic passing the sign limited number and must be on route to view Medium World Wide Web 1-3 Months Available to most and works well with mobile applications Usefulness is limited unless also available via portable devices High Handheld Devices and Mobile Telephones 1-3 Months Available to increasing audience Requires third party vendor to create applications High Highway Advisory Radio 3-6 Months Available on all routes approaching a facility Requires extensive new maintenance Medium Wayfinding External signs with DMS 3-6 Months Directs vehicle to garage with available spaces. Medium Internal directional arrows 3-6 Months Directs vehicle to available space within garage. Requires space-by-space or at least zonal vehicle detection High Page 4-15 June 2009
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