Global Study On Child Poverty And Disparities (PDF) - Social Policy ...

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List of abbreviations ADB BNPL CEDAW CRC EAPRO EPI FPL GoV HDI HIES LLIN MCA MDG MICS NGO PAA PCAE PIC SWAp UNDP UNICEF VAT VNPF VNSO VUV Asian Development Bank Basic Needs Poverty Line Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women Convention on the Rights of the Child East Asia and Pacific Regional Office Expanded Programme of Immunization Food Poverty Line Government of Vanuatu Human Development Index Household Income and Expenditure Survey Long-lasting insecticide-treated mosquito net Millennium Challenge Account Millennium Development Goals Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey Non-Governmental Organisation Priorities and Action Agenda Per Capita Adult Equivalent Pacific Island Country Sector-Wide Approach United Nations Development Programme United Nations Children’s Fund Value-Added Tax Vanuatu National Provident Fund Vanuatu National Statistical Office Vanuatu Vatu 12
GLOBAL STUDY ON CHILD POVERTY & DISPARITIES Executive Summary Vanuatu has a young population that is growing rapidly. Its 65 inhabited islands are spread across more than 700,000 square kilometres of ocean – a challenge to communication, transportation, and policy implementation. This study analyses poverty and disparities in well-being as they affect children in Vanuatu, using a multidimensional approach. Its primary aim is to assist the Government and members of civil society to develop more effective policies to reduce children’s disadvantages, especially those of the most vulnerable. It also explores the relevance of methodologies used in studying poverty to Vanuatu and the wider Pacific. In studying child poverty, it is important to consider not only the economic resources enjoyed by households with children but also children’s access to important ‘pillars of wellbeing’ such as nutrition, health care services, education, child protection and social protection. Economic resources One broad definition of poverty is the lack of adequate economic resources to sustain an acceptable standard of living – sometimes called ‘income or expenditure poverty’. Using this approach, poverty studies analyse surveys that compare household income or expenditure, adjusted for need using an equivalence scale, with a poverty line. This study applies this approach using data from the 2006 Vanuatu Household Income and Expenditure Survey. That survey included the estimated cash value of home production when estimating household income – an important consideration in countries such as Vanuatu, where households often have limited cash incomes but, with access to farming or fishing, may be able to produce most of what they need. Numerous poverty measures and thresholds exist, some intended for global application and others adjusted for local conditions. This study uses several different thresholds in order to provide a more comprehensive picture of poverty measured by economic resources and relies primarily on the following indicators: • Households living on less than US$1.08 or $1.25 a day • Households under the Basic Needs Poverty Line for Vanuatu, which reflects the cost of a minimally nutritious diet plus essential non-food items • Households with per adult equivalent expenditure less than 50 per cent of the population median How many households with children can be considered to be living in expenditure poverty? 13
Page 3 and 4: © United Nations Children’s Fund
Page 5 and 6: Public budgets.....................
Page 7 and 8: References.........................
Page 9 and 10: Tables Table 1.1: Composite vulnera
Page 11: Acknowledgements Contributions to e
Page 15 and 16: on aspects of child well-being in V
Page 17 and 18: people, settlers, and ‘lazy’ pe
Page 19 and 20: Table 1.1: Composite vulnerability
Page 21 and 22: that Vanuatu has one of the highest
Page 23 and 24: Vatu Millions shown in Figure 1.5,
Page 25 and 26: Figure 1.7: Population growth rate
Page 27 and 28: and expanding business opportunitie
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Page 31 and 32: proposals. This contribution focuse
Page 33 and 34: The 2006 HIES provides the basis fo
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The Act also states that it is base
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Early marriage may be encouraged fo
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Male Female Total Background charac
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GLOBAL STUDY ON CHILD POVERTY & DIS
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Education trends are more positive,
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Overall, Malampa performs best of a
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has significant problems with child
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NZAID, 2008, ‘Launch of NZ’s Pa
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Table A1.3: Children under the nati
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% N Family vulnerability Orphan chi
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Odds of no deprivation Odds of at l
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Table A1.11: HIV testing and counse
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Birth is registered? (%) Birth is n
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Annex 2. Policies Table A2.1: Natio
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Document that sets out goals and st
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