Global Study On Child Poverty And Disparities (PDF) - Social Policy ...

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Table 3.4: Mothers’ and other caretakers’ knowledge and beliefs about symptoms that require health care, 2007 Background characteristics Percentage of mothers/caretakers of children age 0-59 months who think that a child should be taken immediately to a health facility if the child: is not able to drink or breastfeed becomes sicker develops a fever has fast breathing has difficulty breathing has blood in stool is drinking poorly has other symptoms Mothers/ caretakers who recognize the two danger signs of pneumonia Total number of mothers/ caretakers of children age 0-59 months Region Tafea 13.3 53.8 70.4 11.7 11.7 2.1 15.0 10.4 2.9 240 Shefa 6.1 14.5 54.7 71.5 32.4 2.2 5.0 9.5 21.2 179 Malampa 2.1 25.3 69.2 0.7 2.1 0.7 0.7 43.2 0.0 146 Penama 19.5 53.7 85.2 13.4 16.1 1.3 12.8 42.3 4.7 149 Sanma 13.2 19.8 89.3 16.5 13.2 1.7 17.4 19.8 5.0 121 Torba 13.3 37.4 88.2 30.5 28.1 10.3 6.9 27.1 17.7 203 Port Vila 8.2 48.0 62.3 30.4 19.9 3.5 9.4 19.9 11.7 342 Luganville 20.1 28.7 78.0 16.9 13.4 5.1 13.4 28.0 6.3 254 Residence Urban 11.4 42.7 66.6 26.7 18.1 4.0 10.5 22.1 10.2 596 Mother’s education Rural 10.4 33.5 73.6 22.2 15.1 2.0 9.6 24.9 7.0 1038 None 13.5 45.9 78.0 18.9 10.9 3.4 12.6 12.2 3.6 139 Primary 9.6 31.5 72.2 23.1 16.6 1.6 10.9 24.5 7.7 960 Secondary 12.0 40.0 70.3 24.2 14.7 4.0 6.3 28.0 8.5 532 Nonstandard (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) 2 Wealth index quintiles Missing/DK (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) 1 Q1 (poorest) 9.6 35.1 72.5 14.1 12.3 2.1 8.8 18.9 3.5 311 Q2 12.1 38.4 75.7 18.2 12.8 2.2 11.8 29.4 6.0 295 Q3 9.2 31.0 76.6 26.0 16.4 1.9 9.9 25.2 8.0 278 Q4 11.1 31.0 65.4 32.3 18.1 2.6 6.1 25.4 11.0 332 Q5 (richest) 10.8 41.3 69.3 28.8 21.0 3.4 12.1 22.5 11.5 418 Mother Bislama 9.9 40.0 73.4 22.5 14.7 5.3 11.8 24.1 6.0 280 tongue of Other 10.7 head § 34.7 72.1 23.2 15.8 2.1 9.5 24.3 7.8 1,350 National 10.6 35.2 72.3 23.1 15.7 2.4 9.7 24.4 7.6 1,634 Source: MICS 2007. 60
HIV/AIDS HIV/AIDS is a recent concern to the Government, with the first reported case in 2002, and two deaths in 2006 and 2007 (ADB 2009a). However, the Ministry of Health is concerned that the high incidence of other sexually transmitted diseases may indicate that the true Figures could be much higher. The MICS survey found consistent differences in women’s access to information, knowledge and testing on HIV and AIDS, depending of their wealth and education status. As Figure 3.3 shows, there is a positive relationship with wealth, education and urban residence for women age 15-49 years who have comprehensive knowledge of HIV transmission, who were tested for HIV at an antenatal visit, and who were provided the results of these tests. Figure 3.3: Knowledge of and testing for HIV/ AIDS, 2007(Percentage of women age 15-49 years who gave birth in the two years preceding the survey) 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 6.3 27.8 Comprehensive Knowledge of HIV 25.9 12.9 Comprehensive Knowledge of HIV Wealth Quintile Poorest Richest 7.3 24.4 Tested at ANC visit Rural/Urban Location Urban Rural 22.5 5.2 10.4 12.4 Tested at ANC visit 15.6 Given test results 5.8 Given test results Analysis The geographic constraints on services combined with severely limited human and material resources, including the lack of trained nurses and doctors, are key challenges. The Vanuatu Centre for Nursing Education graduated 21 nurses in 2007, and a further 27 were expected to graduate in 2010, but this does not fill the gap caused by nurses leaving and by increasing demand. The cost of health services is also a barrier to adequate health care; the 200 vatu fee is unaffordable for many people (ADB 2009a). With high annual population growth, increasing life expectancy and nearly half the population under 20 years old, increasing strains are being placed on health care services. There is a high demand for maternal and infant care and treatment of childhood diseases, plus increased demand for elderly care as life expectancy increases. Changes in diet and occupation and ruralurban migration, among other factors, have contributed to increasing incidence of diabetes and sexually transmitted infections. <strong>Social</strong> problems including alcoholism and drug dependency and psychological problems such as depression, anxiety and suicide have also increased. These trends may be partly attributed to rural-urban migration and the associated dislocation and landlessness, unemployment, domestic violence and family breakdown. Young people are the most vulnerable to these factors (ADB 2009a, p. 88). Tables 3.5 and 3.6 summarize the hospital care available in Vanuatu. Table 3.5: Hospitals and hospital beds by region, 2005 Province Hospitals Beds % beds Population Beds per 1,000 Tafea 1 52 11 34,180 1.52 Shefa 1 146 30 63,247 2.31 Malampa 1 70 15 39,127 1.79 Penama 1 37 8 33,536 1.10 Sanma 1 142 30 42,397 3.35 Torba 1 33 7 9,364 3.52 Total 6 480 100 221,851 2.16 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 Education Status No Education Primary Secondary 12.4 9.4 4.5 7 Comprehensive Knowledge of HIV 26.6 20.5 Tested at ANC visit *ANC: Antenatal Care. Source: MICS 2007. 0.8 4.6 13.8 Given test results Source: Vanuatu National Health Accounts Team 2007. 61
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© United Nations Children’s Fund
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Public budgets.....................
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References.........................
Page 9 and 10: Tables Table 1.1: Composite vulnera
Page 11 and 12: Acknowledgements Contributions to e
Page 13 and 14: GLOBAL STUDY ON CHILD POVERTY & DIS
Page 15 and 16: on aspects of child well-being in V
Page 17 and 18: people, settlers, and ‘lazy’ pe
Page 19 and 20: Table 1.1: Composite vulnerability
Page 21 and 22: that Vanuatu has one of the highest
Page 23 and 24: Vatu Millions shown in Figure 1.5,
Page 25 and 26: Figure 1.7: Population growth rate
Page 27 and 28: and expanding business opportunitie
Page 29 and 30: Public spending on other social pol
Page 31 and 32: proposals. This contribution focuse
Page 33 and 34: The 2006 HIES provides the basis fo
Page 35 and 36: To estimate the cost of the FPL in
Page 37 and 38: 16 14 12 10 8 6 4 2 0 Millennium De
Page 39 and 40: Table 2.2: Correlates of expenditur
Page 41 and 42: Table 2.3: Probability of experienc
Page 43 and 44: employment opportunities for their
Page 45 and 46: Box 3: Child deprivation measures T
Page 47 and 48: The province that is arguably the w
Page 49 and 50: At least one severe deprivation At
Page 51 and 52: Table 2.6: Child poverty as multipl
Page 55 and 56: Table 3.1: Child nutrition outcomes
Page 57 and 58: Malaria is the major public health
Page 59: Table 3.3: Home management of diarr
Page 63 and 64: The Act also states that it is base
Page 65 and 66: Early marriage may be encouraged fo
Page 67 and 68: Male Female Total Background charac
Page 71 and 72: Education trends are more positive,
Page 73 and 74: Overall, Malampa performs best of a
Page 75 and 76: has significant problems with child
Page 77 and 78: NZAID, 2008, ‘Launch of NZ’s Pa
Page 79 and 80: Table A1.3: Children under the nati
Page 81 and 82: % N Family vulnerability Orphan chi
Page 83 and 84: Odds of no deprivation Odds of at l
Page 85 and 86: Table A1.11: HIV testing and counse
Page 87 and 88: Birth is registered? (%) Birth is n
Page 89 and 90: Annex 2. Policies Table A2.1: Natio
Page 91 and 92: Document that sets out goals and st
Page 93 and 94: Document that sets out goals and st
Page 95: Document that sets out goals and st
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