Electromagnetic Testing - Eddy Current Testing Applications Chapter 5 & 6

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Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang
The Characteristic Parameter (PC) is a means of determining the operating point on the impedance curve. The formula for PC depends on the units used, but the following is recommended: PC = 4.6 × 10 -3 f μ r σ r 2 or f = PC /(4.6 × 10 -3 μ r σ r 2 ) (5.3a) (5.3b) Where: PC = characteristic parameter, f = frequency (kHz), μ r = relative permeability, σ = conductivity (% IACS), r = mean coil radius (mm) Note that the unit of frequency used in this formula, as in the other ‘applied’ eddy current formulae (for f 90 and f/f g ) is kHz, unlike the basic theoretical formulae for depth of penetration and inductive reactance. Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang
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Electromagnetic Testing - Eddy Curr
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http://igor113.livejournal.com/5121
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同桌的你 Charlie Chong/ Fion
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Fion Zhang at Shanghai 2014/Novembe
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5.0 APPLICATIONS 5.1. Surface testi
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FIG. 5.1. Schematic diagram showing
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Eddy current field extends laterall
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Depth of Penetration & Current Dens
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Please also comment on this illustr
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FIG. 5.2 Directional properties of
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The depth of surface flaws (the dis
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Case Discussion: The corresponding
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5.1.2.2 Types of standard surface t
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(b) Spot probes Spot probes are pro
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FIG. 5.6. A spring loaded probe. Ch
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FIG. 5.5. (a) The core and coil of
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Although it is usually evident by i
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FIG. 5.7. Effects of cores and shie
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5.1.2.3 Other types of surface prob
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FIG. 5.8. A tangential probe showin
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Compare vertical probe with the FIG
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Discussion Topic- Why in the tangen
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FIG. 5.9. A gap (horseshoe) probe.
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Horseshoe probe - maximum sensitivi
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A gap (horseshoe) probe - Magnetic
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5.1.3 Testing for surface-breaking
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Eddy Current Testing over painted s
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Testing Frequency: • 200 kHz to 5
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If the fastener is not removed, cra
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Following are some examples of spec
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Threaded Probe Charlie Chong/ Fion
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Eddy Current Testing- Hole fatigue
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Hand operated or manual hole probes
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If motor driven probes are to be us
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FIG. 5.12. Typical rotating hole pr
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Bolt hole probes Charlie Chong/ Fio
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(c) Aircraft wheels: Aircraft wheel
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Aircraft wheels Charlie Chong/ Fion
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Automated equipment which will perf
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Tangential probe - used in electron
Page 83 and 84: FIG. 5.3 Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang
Page 85 and 86: Although these blocks can be used f
Page 87 and 88: (f) Scan over the appropriate disco
Page 89 and 90: 4.1.3.5 Testing in-service welds in
Page 91 and 92: FIG. 5.14 a. Typical weld testing p
Page 93 and 94: Since the eddy currents produced at
Page 95 and 96: For testing, the instrument should
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Page 101 and 102: Keywords: Typically, the magnetic f
Page 103 and 104: Multilayer structures - of flaws in
Page 105 and 106: 5.1.4.2 Probe and frequency selecti
Page 107 and 108: An acceptable compromise which give
Page 109 and 110: FIG. 5.15. Eddy current signals fro
Page 111 and 112: FIG. 5.16. Spot probes testing a la
Page 113 and 114: ) Sliding probes Sliding probes are
Page 115 and 116: 5.1.4.4 Reference samples Reference
Page 117 and 118: 5.1.5 Conductivity testing and mate
Page 119 and 120: 5.1.5.3 Factors which affect conduc
Page 121 and 122: (b) Alloying. Dissolving any elemen
Page 123 and 124: (d) Cold work Plastic deformation o
Page 125 and 126: (b) Test part thickness The conduct
Page 127 and 128: (c) Edge effect Probes dedicated to
Page 129 and 130: 5.1.5.6 Frequency selection The fre
Page 131 and 132: FIG. 5.19. Impedance diagrams and t
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Page 137 and 138: Example: Calculate the optimum freq
Page 139 and 140: When eddy current conductivity mete
Page 141 and 142: (d) Perform conductivity measuremen
Page 143 and 144: 5.1.5.9 Heat treatment of aluminium
Page 145 and 146: 5.1.5.10 Sorting materials by magne
Page 147 and 148: 5.1.6 Thickness measurement of non-
Page 149 and 150: FIG. 5.22. Methods of obtaining sta
Page 151 and 152: Non-conducting coating thickness me
Page 153 and 154: A typical operating frequency to me
Page 155 and 156: 5.1.6.4 Measurement procedure (a) C
Page 157 and 158: (k) (l) Alternatively, if the measu
Page 159 and 160: 5.1.7 Thickness measurement of cond
Page 161 and 162: 5.1.7.2 Probe and frequency selecti
Page 163 and 164: 5.1.7.3 Signals from variations in
Page 165 and 166: FIG. 5.26. Part of the display show
Page 167 and 168: 5.1.7.5 Measurement procedure (a) C
Page 169 and 170: (j) (k) Alternatively, if the measu
Page 171 and 172: 5.1.8 Thickness measurement of cond
Page 173 and 174: FIG. 5.28 shows the impedance curve
Page 175 and 176: 5.2.1.1 Tube testing probes and the
Page 177 and 178: The coil(s) in bobbin probes produc
Page 179 and 180: Bobbin probe eddy current the orien
Page 181 and 182: To obtain adequate sensitivity to f
Page 183 and 184: As for surface testing, the test se
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5.2.1.2 Selection of test frequency
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The basis for the selection of test
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FIG. 5.32. Impedance diagram showin
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5.2.1.4 Flaw signals from absolute
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At f 90 , all flaw signals appear i
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5.2.1.5 Absolute probe signals from
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Wobble - A-go-go Charlie Chong/ Fio
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Discussion Topic- Discuss on the fo
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(c) Ferromagnetic conditions at the
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A signal from a ferromagnetic condi
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FIG. 5.36 shows the signal from a f
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Tube Sheet: Baffle Plate Charlie Ch
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Tube Sheet: Baffle Plate Charlie Ch
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(e) Non-ferromagnetic support or ba
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This signal will be modified by any
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(f) Ferromagnetic support or baffle
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FIG. 5.37. The signals from a carbo
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FIG. 5.38. Absolute and differentia
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5.2.1.7 Correlating flaw depth and
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FIG. 5.39. Graph showing the correl
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5.2.1.8 Correlating flaw depth and
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5.2.2 Bar and tube testing using en
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Discussion Topic: This means that p
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FIG. 5.41. The eddy current intensi
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5.2.2.2 Selection of frequency For
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Associated with the f/f g concept i
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The optimum operating point depends
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5.2.2.3 Specific test applications
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(c) Flaw detection Surface flaw ind
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5.2.2.4 Testing ferromagnetic bars
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Ferromagnetic material can be teste
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5.3.2 Equipment Most modern eddy cu
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These standards cover such topics a
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The following example is taken from
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The content of written procedures d
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6.5. Records and reports 6.5.1 Test
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6.5.2 Test reports A formal test re
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Records Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang
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Calibration Standard A test standar
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Coil, probe A small coil or coil as
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Discontinuity Artificial Reference
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Electromagnetic Testing That non de
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IACS σ IACS . International Anneal
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Material, Diamagnetic A material ha
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Parameter A material property or in
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Phase Lag β (beta), radians or deg
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Resistivity ρ (ro), microhm centim
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Signal A change in eddy current ins
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Space Station Charlie Chong/ Fion Z
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Charlie https://www.yumpu.com/en/br
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Good Luck! Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhan
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Electromagnetic Testing - Eddy Current Testing Applications Chapter 5 & 6

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