Electromagnetic Testing - Eddy Current Testing Applications Chapter 5 & 6

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6.2. Standards for equipment characteristics and verification Different standards and procedures will specify the requirements for equipment verification. Due to the large numbers of variable associated with eddy current testing, and the majority of techniques being comparison based, the requirements for equipment verification are typically minimal. Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang
The following example is taken from AS-4544 (2005): (a) The test system shall be capable of generating an operating frequency suitable for conducting the specified eddy current test. It shall also be capable of displaying the test information in an acceptable format for interpretation. (b) The equipment shall be capable of detecting coil impedance changes due to variations in the conductivity of the material under test, and the presence of surface metallurgical and mechanical discontinuities. (c) The sensitivity of the system shall be such that a repeatable change in signal response of the magnitude specified can be detected when the test coil encounters a known specified natural or artificial discontinuity in the calibration reference. (d) The amplitude of the response to a natural crack or notch in the calibration standard used for system calibration shall be at least 20% of the full scale of the signaling device. The signal-to-noise ratio shall be 3 to 1 or better. Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang
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Electromagnetic Testing - Eddy Curr
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http://igor113.livejournal.com/5121
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Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang
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同桌的你 Charlie Chong/ Fion
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Fion Zhang at Shanghai 2014/Novembe
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5.0 APPLICATIONS 5.1. Surface testi
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FIG. 5.1. Schematic diagram showing
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Eddy current field extends laterall
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Depth of Penetration & Current Dens
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Please also comment on this illustr
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FIG. 5.2 Directional properties of
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The depth of surface flaws (the dis
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Case Discussion: The corresponding
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5.1.2.2 Types of standard surface t
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(b) Spot probes Spot probes are pro
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FIG. 5.6. A spring loaded probe. Ch
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FIG. 5.5. (a) The core and coil of
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Although it is usually evident by i
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FIG. 5.7. Effects of cores and shie
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5.1.2.3 Other types of surface prob
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FIG. 5.8. A tangential probe showin
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Compare vertical probe with the FIG
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Discussion Topic- Why in the tangen
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FIG. 5.9. A gap (horseshoe) probe.
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Horseshoe probe - maximum sensitivi
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A gap (horseshoe) probe - Magnetic
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5.1.3 Testing for surface-breaking
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Eddy Current Testing over painted s
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Testing Frequency: • 200 kHz to 5
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If the fastener is not removed, cra
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Following are some examples of spec
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Threaded Probe Charlie Chong/ Fion
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Eddy Current Testing- Hole fatigue
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Hand operated or manual hole probes
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If motor driven probes are to be us
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FIG. 5.12. Typical rotating hole pr
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Bolt hole probes Charlie Chong/ Fio
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(c) Aircraft wheels: Aircraft wheel
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Aircraft wheels Charlie Chong/ Fion
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Automated equipment which will perf
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Tangential probe - used in electron
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FIG. 5.3 Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang
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Although these blocks can be used f
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(f) Scan over the appropriate disco
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4.1.3.5 Testing in-service welds in
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FIG. 5.14 a. Typical weld testing p
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Since the eddy currents produced at
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For testing, the instrument should
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Keywords: Typically, the magnetic f
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Multilayer structures - of flaws in
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5.1.4.2 Probe and frequency selecti
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An acceptable compromise which give
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FIG. 5.15. Eddy current signals fro
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FIG. 5.16. Spot probes testing a la
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) Sliding probes Sliding probes are
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5.1.4.4 Reference samples Reference
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5.1.5 Conductivity testing and mate
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5.1.5.3 Factors which affect conduc
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(b) Alloying. Dissolving any elemen
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(d) Cold work Plastic deformation o
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(b) Test part thickness The conduct
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(c) Edge effect Probes dedicated to
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5.1.5.6 Frequency selection The fre
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FIG. 5.19. Impedance diagrams and t
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The Characteristic Parameter (PC) i
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Example: Calculate the optimum freq
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When eddy current conductivity mete
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(d) Perform conductivity measuremen
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5.1.5.9 Heat treatment of aluminium
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5.1.5.10 Sorting materials by magne
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5.1.6 Thickness measurement of non-
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FIG. 5.22. Methods of obtaining sta
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Non-conducting coating thickness me
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A typical operating frequency to me
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5.1.6.4 Measurement procedure (a) C
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(k) (l) Alternatively, if the measu
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5.1.7 Thickness measurement of cond
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5.1.7.2 Probe and frequency selecti
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5.1.7.3 Signals from variations in
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FIG. 5.26. Part of the display show
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5.1.7.5 Measurement procedure (a) C
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(j) (k) Alternatively, if the measu
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5.1.8 Thickness measurement of cond
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FIG. 5.28 shows the impedance curve
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5.2.1.1 Tube testing probes and the
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The coil(s) in bobbin probes produc
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Bobbin probe eddy current the orien
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To obtain adequate sensitivity to f
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As for surface testing, the test se
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5.2.1.2 Selection of test frequency
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The basis for the selection of test
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FIG. 5.32. Impedance diagram showin
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5.2.1.4 Flaw signals from absolute
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At f 90 , all flaw signals appear i
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5.2.1.5 Absolute probe signals from
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Wobble - A-go-go Charlie Chong/ Fio
Page 199 and 200: Discussion Topic- Discuss on the fo
Page 201 and 202: (c) Ferromagnetic conditions at the
Page 203 and 204: A signal from a ferromagnetic condi
Page 205 and 206: FIG. 5.36 shows the signal from a f
Page 207 and 208: Tube Sheet: Baffle Plate Charlie Ch
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Page 211 and 212: (e) Non-ferromagnetic support or ba
Page 213 and 214: This signal will be modified by any
Page 215 and 216: (f) Ferromagnetic support or baffle
Page 217 and 218: FIG. 5.37. The signals from a carbo
Page 219 and 220: FIG. 5.38. Absolute and differentia
Page 221 and 222: 5.2.1.7 Correlating flaw depth and
Page 223 and 224: FIG. 5.39. Graph showing the correl
Page 225 and 226: 5.2.1.8 Correlating flaw depth and
Page 227 and 228: 5.2.2 Bar and tube testing using en
Page 229 and 230: Discussion Topic: This means that p
Page 231 and 232: FIG. 5.41. The eddy current intensi
Page 233 and 234: 5.2.2.2 Selection of frequency For
Page 235 and 236: Associated with the f/f g concept i
Page 237 and 238: The optimum operating point depends
Page 239 and 240: 5.2.2.3 Specific test applications
Page 241 and 242: (c) Flaw detection Surface flaw ind
Page 243 and 244: 5.2.2.4 Testing ferromagnetic bars
Page 245 and 246: Ferromagnetic material can be teste
Page 247 and 248: 5.3.2 Equipment Most modern eddy cu
Page 249: These standards cover such topics a
Page 253 and 254: The content of written procedures d
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Page 257 and 258: 6.5. Records and reports 6.5.1 Test
Page 259 and 260: 6.5.2 Test reports A formal test re
Page 261 and 262: Records Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang
Page 263 and 264: Calibration Standard A test standar
Page 265 and 266: Coil, probe A small coil or coil as
Page 267 and 268: Discontinuity Artificial Reference
Page 269 and 270: Electromagnetic Testing That non de
Page 271 and 272: IACS σ IACS . International Anneal
Page 273 and 274: Material, Diamagnetic A material ha
Page 275 and 276: Parameter A material property or in
Page 277 and 278: Phase Lag β (beta), radians or deg
Page 279 and 280: Resistivity ρ (ro), microhm centim
Page 281 and 282: Signal A change in eddy current ins
Page 283 and 284: Space Station Charlie Chong/ Fion Z
Page 285 and 286: Charlie https://www.yumpu.com/en/br
Page 287: Good Luck! Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhan
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Electromagnetic Testing - Eddy Current Testing Applications Chapter 5 & 6

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