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Index
Hazards, 3, 6, 42, 92, 106, 200, 201;
Caribbean, 91, 95–100; coastal Peru,
126–33; Basin of Mexico, 148–49; Kuril
Islands, 25–35, 42; Mesopotamia, 167,
170–71, 173–80, 195; social evolution
and, 228–31; social response to, 8–9, 223–
24; urban centers and, 10–11; volcanic,
69–76, 79–80, 83–84, 89, 238–39
Haze Famine, 76
Heimaey, 72
Hekla volcano, 71, 73; toxic fallout from, 74–75
Hilla branch, 178
Hindiyah branch, 178
Hispaniola, archaeology of, 94
Hof, 73
Hohokam, 201, 202, 230; irrigation systems,
206, 208–9; rigidity trap, 212–13; social
isolation, 11, 214
Hokkaido, 27, 33; and Kuril Islands, 23, 34;
Satsumon culture on, 23–24
Holguin, urban planning in, 103
Honshu, Hokkaido trade, 34
Hunter-gatherers, 71, 124, 227; Kuril Islands,
19, 23–24, 30; mobility of, 36–37
Hurricanes, 13, 57; Caribbean, 93, 98–100;
settlement location and, 102–5
Hydraulic systems, Teotihuacan Valley, 153,
154–56, 165
Ice cores, volcanic ash dating, 77
Iceland, 13, 240; emergency planning, 80–81;
Medieval, 8–9, 67–68; settlement of, 71,
79–80; volcanic hazards in, 69–76, 83–84,
89
Ike, Hurricane, damage from, 99
Ilopango volcano: eruptions of, 47–48;
impacts of, 55, 229
Inca Empire, 130
Indian Ocean, tsunami, 14
Indonesia, 44
Inequality, 187–88
Information, secure, 120–21
Insect plagues: El Niño and, 119–20, 127;
Mesopotamia, 180
Institutions: Mesopotamian urban, 169–70,
172–73, 181–85, 186–87; in middle-range
societies, 202; rigidity of, 240
Intercontinental Convergence Zone, and
Mexican drought, 154
Inuit, on Greenland, 242
Iraq, 167, 176, 180, 188(n3); salinization in,
178–79
Irrigation systems, 239; coastal Peru,
125, 126–27, 129; Mesopotamia, 168,
178–79; Teotihuacan Valley, 10, 153;
US Southwest, 206–10, 221
Islam, development of, 58–59
Isolation, socioeconomic, 33–35, 214
Italy, AD 536 phenomenon, 58
Iturup Island, 25, 27; archaeology of, 22–23
Japan, and Kuril Islands, 24–25, 34, 35
Jasaw Chan K’awiil I, 56
Jökulhlaup, 72
Jomon culture, 22–23, 34
Joya de Ceren architecture, 13–14, 59, 65
Kamchatka Peninsula, 23, 24, 27, 34
Kaminaljuyu, 48
Kassite dynasty, 178, 184, 185
Katla volcano, 71, 78, 80; eruption of, 82–83;
flooding, 73, 76, 81
Katrina, Hurricane, victims of, 57
KBP. See Kuril Biocomplexity Project
Key hazards. See Hazards
Kharimkotan Island, 24, 27
Klamath, 47
Knowledge systems, 15, 44, 47, 240; ecological,
9, 12; hazards and disasters in, 57–58,
59, 106
Krísuvík farm, 71
Kunashir Island, 25, 28, 35
Kuril Biocomplexity Project (KBP), 19, 22,
30
Kuril Islands, 7, 42; archaeology, 22–25;
biogeography of, 20–21; earthquakes and
tsunamis, 30–31; hunter-gatherers in, 19,
36–37; settlement patterns, 13, 35–36,
239; social evolution on, 228–29; socioeconomic
connections, 33–35; volcanic
eruptions, 25–30, 228; weather and climate
change, 31–33
Lágeyjarhverfi, 73
Lahars, from Popocatepetl, 53
Laki volcano, 69, 70–71, 72, 75, 76
Lambayeque Valley, 127–28
Landeyjar, 72–73
Landnám tephra layer, 78
Land ownership, 231, 232
Landscapes, and volcanic hazards, 79–80
Landslides, Kuril Islands, 27
La Quemada, 11, 201, 202, 203–4
Late Bronze Age, 174, 178; state collapse in,
184–85
252