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Index
Late Horizon, coastal Peru, 130
Late Intermediate Period, coastal Peru, 130
Late Postclassic period, Teotihuacan, 147
Late Preceramic Period, coastal Peru, 129
Lava flows, Iceland, 71–72, 75–76
La Ventilla, 153
Lesser Antilles, 93
Lineages, and subsistence issues, 230–31
Livestock: in Iceland, 71, 79; in
Mesopotamia, 169, 175; and volcanic
eruptions, 70, 73, 74–75
Locust outbreaks, 180
Loma Caldera, 48, 49, 50, 57
Lomas de Punta Alegre caves, 104
Los Buchillones, 101–2, 104, 105
Maize cultivation, 204, 230
Makanrushi Island, 27
Malpaso Valley, 201; agave cultivation, 204–
5; crop diversification, 203–4
Manchuria, 34
Marine resources: coastal Peru, 126; Kuril
Islands, 21
Markarflót, 73, 84
Matua Island, 26, 26–27
Maximo Gomez, 102
Maya: collapse of Classic, 55–56; Ilopango
eruptions, 47–48
Mazama, Mt., 47
Mazapan phase, 150
Medieval period, 58, 242; Iceland, 8–9,
67–68
Medvezhya volcano, 27
Mega-disaster, religious response to, 58–59
Mesa Verde, 201, 202, 211; rigidity traps,
230–31
Mesoamerica, 229; social stratification, 56–57
Mesopotamia, 16, 58, 187, 232, 239; archaeology,
171–73; Bronze Age, 167–71,
183–86; environmental hazards in, 10–11,
173–80, 195; institutional power in,
182–83, 240; resilience, 180–82
Mexico, 11; northern, 200, 203–5, 221; volcanism,
7, 44–45, 52–55
Mexico, Basin of, 153, 157, 158, 165;
paleoenvironmental studies, 143, 144–45,
148
Miccaotli phase, 150
Middle Ages. See Medieval period
Migration, US Southwest, 230–31
Military bases, Kuril Islands, 25, 27
Millet farming, 24
Mimbres, 201, 202, 230; environmental
change, 11, 211; irrigation systems, 206,
207–8
Miraflores branch, 56; Ilopango eruption,
47–48, 55, 229
Mitigation, 6, 73, 106; Caribbean island strategies,
9, 100, 114–15; disaster, 12, 229–30;
hydraulic systems, 154–56; Precolumbian
strategies, 7–8
Mobility, 240; hunter-gatherer societies,
36–37
Monumental architecture, Teotihuacan,
153–54
Muhammad, 58–59
Myrdalssandur, 73, 76
Myvatnssveit, 71
Myth, 3, 15; hazard and disaster information
in, 57–58
Naiji pottery, 24
Natural disasters, 2, 12, 232; institutional
responses to, 186–87; societal responses
to, 229–30
Navajas, Cerro de las, obsidian from, 145
New Orleans, response to Katrina, 57
Norse, on Greenland, 242
Northern Mesopotamia, 168–69, 183, 184;
environmental hazards, 173–80
North Pacific low pressure system, 32
Northwest Coast, earthquake and tsunami
knowledge, 44, 58
Obsidian, 34, 145
Ocean currents, Caribbean, 93
Ögmundarhraun lava, 71
Okhotsk culture, 23–24, 34, 35, 36
Okhotsk Sea: circulation patterns, 32–33;
tsunamis, 30, 31
Old Babylonian Period, 183–84, 186
Olive trees, 176
Onekotan Islands, 24
Öræfajökull, 73
Öræfajökull volcano, 71
Oral histories, 2, 47
Otumba, 150, 151; erosion, 152
Oyashio Current, 32
Paleoenvironmental studies, 154; Teotihuacan
Valley, 143, 144–45, 148, 149–50
Paleolithic, social organization in, 224, 227
Panama, 51; Barriles culture in, 52, 57
Papua New Guinea, oral history in, 47
253