2008 - Communication Across the Curriculum (CAC)

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B i o l o g y 86-9) and is sometimes referred to as the senility vitamin because it is essential for proper brain function and a deficiency usually always presents itself in a form of senility (Talbott 273). It is naturally synthesized by micro organic bacteria in plant eating animals and then stored in the animal’s tissues (McDougall 2). Therefore, the primary dietary source of B12 is from animal proteins, which a strict vegan diet does not contain (Koda- Kimble 86-9). Generally, an average human stores 4000µg of B12 in their body and uses 2µg per day (Koda-Kimble 86-9). At this rate, it is possible to live numerous years without depleting B12 stores or suffering the side effects of deficiency. Vitamin B12 deficiency is surprisingly very prevalent. In developing areas such as Africa, India, South and Central America it is very wide spread. This is mainly due to a lack of animal products being consumed among the poor. Obviously it is very common among vegetarians, also due to their lack of animal product consumption. The condition is also very wide spread among the elderly. However, generally among the elderly it is directly related to pernicious anemia as their bodies are no longer producing the needed amounts of intrinsic factor for B12 absorption (Sethi). Treatment of the New Diagnosis: Pop was immediately administered an injection of 1000µg of vitamin B12. Within twenty-four hours he was sitting up unassisted and within forty-eight hours he had regained bladder and bowel control. By the end of the week he was able to play card games, read and talk on the phone (Bernstein). Simple ongoing supplementation of vitamin B12 is sufficient treatment for the deficiency. The most effective forms of B12 supplements for treating neurological deficiencies are methylcobalamin and hydroxycobalamin (McDougall 5). Dosages will vary according to the needs of individual patients. Initially, large quantity doses of 30-1000µg are administered intramuscularly for the purpose of replenishing tissue stores. Following this, a treatment regimen would generally entail daily doses for one week, then reducing the quantity and frequency gradually until the patient’s B12 tissue stores are replenished and he is receiving a monthly maintenance dose (Koda-Kimble 86-10). 7 W r i t i n g A c r o s s t h e C u r r i c u l u m
C a s e S t u d y Patient Status at the End of the Article: With vitamin B12 back into his system, Pop Katz was able to reverse most of the symptoms he had experienced. Unfortunately, the delay in diagnosis and treatment and the severity of his condition was not completely reversible. Pop still experienced the shift in personality, specifically that of crying easily and he was never able to return to work due to an inability to maintain his attention span (Bernstein). The typical outcome expected from a patient on B12 therapy includes improvement of neurological symptoms within 24 hours, hematologic parameter improvement within 48 hours, normal B12 levels in 1-2 months and increased potassium demand due to rapid production of RBCs (Koda-Kimball 86-10). However, with long standing B12 deficiency some symptoms may take several months to improve and other symptoms may be irreversible and never improve (Koda-Kimball 86-10). Pop Katz is a perfect example of the typical expected outcome of vitamin B12 supplement therapy. Works Cited Beers, Mark H., and Robert Berkow. The Merck Manual of Geriatrics. 3rd ed. White House Station, NJ: Merk Research Laboratories, 2000. Bernstein, Leslie. “Why Was My Patient Suddenly Falling Apart After Decades of Healthy Living” Discover Magazine Feb. 2000. 02 Feb. 2008 . “Dementia: What are the Common Signs” American Academy of Family Physicians 67:5 (2003). 8 Apr. 2008 . Koda-Kimball, Mary Anne, Lloyd Yee Young, Wayne A. Kradjan, B. Joseph Guglielmo, Brian K. Alldredge, and Robin L. Corelli. Applied Therapeutics: The Clinical Use of Drugs. Baltimore, MD: Lippincott Williams and Wilkins, 2005. Marieb, Elaine N., and Katja Hoehn. Human Anatomy & Physiology. 7th ed. San Fransisco, CA: Pearson Education, 2007. McDougall, John. “Vitamin B12 Deficiency.” McDougall Newsletter 6 (2007). 05 Apr. 2008 . Sethi, N K., E Robilotti, and Y Sadan. “Neurological Manifestations of Vitamin B- 12 Deficiency.” The Internet Journal of Nutrition and Wellness (2005). 08 Apr. 2008 . Talbott, Shawn M. A Guide to Understanding Dietary Supplements. New York, NY: The Hawthorn Press, 2003. Weitzel, William D. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. 4th ed. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric P, 1994. V o l u m e I V : F a l l 2 0 0 8 8
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2008 - Communication Across the Curriculum (CAC)

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