2008 - Communication Across the Curriculum (CAC)

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R a d i o l o g i c T e c h n o l o g y tumor, could potentially allow doctors to differentiate between benign and cancerous tumors (Paddock, 2008). The ability to identify benign tumors could reduce the need for invasive procedures such as biopsies that result in “false positives”. Lead researcher, Dr. Charles Streckfus, says U.S. government approval for the saliva test may be sought within five years (Ibid). Streckfus envisages the test being performed by dentists as part of a routine office visit (Camarata, 2008). Because salivary gland secretion is based on the reflex response produced by mastication of food, patients could be given gum or wax to chew. As saliva accumulates in the mouth, the patient would then spit into a cup repeatedly over a period of five minutes (Streckfus, et al, 2008). “The McDevitt group, led by John McDevitt, professor of chemistry and biochemistry at UT Austin, is working with Streckfus and his colleagues to design the diagnostic device, which may eventually be reduced from the size of a refrigerator to a cellular phone. With a working prototype, a dentist can evaluate a patient’s saliva sample in a routine office visit, with no delay for laboratory work” (Camarata, 2008). The development of “lab-on-a-chip” technology by biochemists at the University of Texas at Austin may lead to even more astonishing applications for the study. According to Dr. Lawrence Tabak, “Further advances in biotechnology are likely to give us ‘labs-on-a-chip’ sufficiently small to fit into the mouth, where they will be able to monitor, in real time, a host of biomarkers, including those useful in cancer detection” (Camarata, 2008). Additionally, the value of the saliva screening test may prove inestimable in developing countries because of the high cost of mammograms. Dr. Streckfus reports, “On a global perspective, mammography is not very common. Even in our neighbor Mexico, there are very few mammography centers around” (Dunham, 2008). The test would provide an inexpensive and accessible alternative in developing countries. Despite the breakthrough in proteomic applications for breast cancer detection, researchers caution that “further study is required to determine the sensitivity and specificity 8 5 W r i t i n g A c r o s s t h e C u r r i c u l u m
R e s e a r c h P a p e r of these proteins with respect to their diagnostic utility” (Streckfus, 2008). Rather than replacing traditional screening methods, Streckfus suggests the saliva test could be used in conjunction with mammography (Dunham, 2008). Potentially, abnormalities on mammograms could be identified as benign or cancerous by performing the saliva test rather than a biopsy. Similarly, magnetic resonance imaging is not currently considered a front-line screening tool for women who have an average risk of developing breast cancer. Because of its cost and tendency to produce false positives, it remains an adjunct tool for the detection of breast cancer. “Public health organizations decide to recommend a screening test by balancing whether it can identify a disease early enough to permit successful treatment (the benefit) against its likelihood of missing the disease or suggesting that it’s present when it’s not, causing emotional upset and leading to unnecessary procedures (the risk)” (Schatz, 2007). Developments in mammography have made it an even more valuable modality than in the past. The increasing availability of high-quality digital mammography has improved breast cancer detection in women with dense breast tissue. Digital images allow radiologists to magnify, manipulate, and change the contrast on the image (Schatz, ed., 2007). Therefore, for the foreseeable future, mammography will continue to be the primary method recommended for the detection of breast cancer in the United States. Bibliography Bremner, A. K., & Recabaren, J. (2007). The efficacy of MRI as an adjuvant to traditional mammography. The American Surgeon. 73, 970-972. Camarata, N. W. (2008). UT researchers decoding saliva’s secrets, “spit test” to detect breast cancer underway. The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Retrieved Jan 20, 2008, from http://publicaffairs.uth.tmc.edu/media/newsreleases/nr2008/bc-saliva.htm Dunham, W (2008). Saliva test could help catch breast cancer. Reuters, Retrieved Jan 20, 2008, from http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/22594117 Paddock, C. (2008). Saliva test for breast cancer, study. Medical News Today, Retrieved Jan 20, 2008, from http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/93764.php Schatz, C, ed. (2007 October). MRI’s emerging role in breast cancer screening. , 14(2), 1-3. Streckfus, C. F., Mayorga-Wark, O., Arreola, D., Edwards, C., Bigler, L., & Dubinsky, W. P. (2008). Breast Cancer related proteins are present in saliva and are modulated secondary to ductal carcinoma in situ of the breast. 1-9. V o l u m e I V : F a l l 2 0 0 8 8 6
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2008 - Communication Across the Curriculum (CAC)

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