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3. Demonstrate use of the relational algebra operations from mathematical set theory (union, intersection,<br />

difference, and Cartesian product) and the relational algebra operations developed specifically for relational<br />

databases (select (restrict), project, join, and division). [Usage]<br />

4. Write queries in the relational algebra. [Usage]<br />

5. Write queries in the tuple relational calculus. [Usage]<br />

6. Determine the functional dependency between two or more attributes that are a subset of a relation.<br />

[Assessment]<br />

7. Connect constraints expressed as primary key and foreign key, with functional dependencies. [Usage]<br />

8. Compute the closure of a set of attributes under given functional dependencies. [Usage]<br />

9. Determine whether a set of attributes form a superkey and/or candidate key for a relation with given<br />

functional dependencies. [Assessment]<br />

10. Evaluate a proposed decomposition, to say whether it has lossless-join and dependency-preservation.<br />

[Assessment]<br />

11. Describe the properties of BCNF, PJNF, 5NF. [Familiarity]<br />

12. Explain the impact of normalization on the efficiency of database operations especially query optimization.<br />

[Familiarity]<br />

13. Describe what is a multi-valued dependency and what type of constraints it specifies. [Familiarity]<br />

IM/Query Languages<br />

[Elective]<br />

Topics:<br />

• Overview of database languages<br />

• SQL (data definition, query formulation, update sublanguage, constraints, integrity)<br />

• Selections<br />

• Projections<br />

• Select-project-join<br />

• Aggregates and
group-by<br />

• Subqueries<br />

• QBE and 4th-generation environments<br />

• Different ways to invoke non-procedural queries in conventional languages<br />

• Introduction to other major query languages (e.g., XPATH, SPARQL)<br />

• Stored procedures<br />

Learning Outcomes:<br />

1. Create a relational database schema in SQL that incorporates key, entity integrity, and referential integrity<br />

constraints. [Usage]<br />

2. Use SQL to create tables and retrieve (SELECT) information from a database. [Usage]<br />

3. Evaluate a set of query processing strategies and select the optimal strategy. [Assessment]<br />

4. Create a non-procedural query by filling in templates of relations to construct an example of the desired<br />

query result. [Usage]<br />

5. Embed object-oriented queries into a stand-alone language such as C++ or Java (e.g., SELECT<br />

Col.Method() FROM Object). [Usage]<br />

6. Write a stored procedure that deals with parameters and has some control flow, to provide a given<br />

functionality. [Usage]<br />

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