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674 CHAPTER 12 THE CHI-SQUARE DISTRIBUTION AND THE ANALYSIS OF FREQUENCIES
40. Cohen et al. (A-38) investigated the relationship between HIV seropositivity and bacterial vaginosis
in a population at high risk for sexual acquisition of HIV. Subjects were 144 female commercial sex
workers in Thailand of whom 62 were HIV-positive and 109 had a history of sexually transmitted
diseases (STD). In the HIV-negative group, 51 had a history of STD.
41. The purpose of a study by Lipschitz et al. (A-39) was to examine, using a questionnaire, the rates
and characteristics of childhood abuse and adult assaults in a large general outpatient population.
Subjects consisted of 120 psychiatric outpatients (86 females, 34 males) in treatment at a large
hospital-based clinic in an inner-city area. Forty-seven females and six males reported incidents of
childhood sexual abuse.
42. Subjects of a study by O’Brien et al. (A-40) consisted of 100 low-risk patients having well-dated
pregnancies. The investigators wished to evaluate the efficacy of a more gradual method for promoting
cervical change and delivery. Half of the patients were randomly assigned to receive a
placebo, and the remainder received 2 mg of intravaginal prostaglandin E 2 (PGE 2 ) for 5 consecutive
days. One of the infants born to mothers in the experimental group and four born to those in
the control group had macrosomia.
43. The purposes of a study by Adra et al. (A-41) were to assess the influence of route of delivery on
neonatal outcome in fetuses with gastroschisis and to correlate ultrasonographic appearance of the
fetal bowel with immediate postnatal outcome. Among 27 cases of prenatally diagnosed gastroschisis
the ultrasonograph appearance of the fetal bowel was normal in 15. Postoperative complications
were observed in two of the 15 and in seven of the cases in which the ultrasonographic
appearance was not normal.
44. Liu et al. (A-42) conducted household surveys in areas of Alabama under tornado warnings. In
one of the surveys (survey 2) the mean age of the 193 interviewees was 54 years. Of these 56.0
percent were women, 88.6 percent were white, and 83.4 percent had a high-school education or
higher. Among the information collected were data on shelter-seeking activity and understanding
of the term “tornado warning.” One-hundred-twenty-eight respondents indicated that they usually
seek shelter when made aware of a tornado warning. Of these, 118 understood the meaning of tornado
warning. Forty-six of those who said they didn’t usually seek shelter understood the meaning
of the term.
45. The purposes of a study by Patel et al. (A-43) were to investigate the incidence of acute angleclosure
glaucoma secondary to pupillary dilation and to identify screening methods for detecting
angles at risk of occlusion. Of 5308 subjects studied, 1287 were 70 years of age or older. Seventeen
of the older subjects and 21 of the younger subjects (40 through 69 years of age) were identified
as having potentially occludable angles.
46. Voskuyl et al. (A-44) investigated those characteristics (including male gender) of patients with
rheumatoid arthritis (RA) that are associated with the development of rheumatoid vasculitis (RV).
Subjects consisted of 69 patients who had been diagnosed as having RV and 138 patients with RA
who were not suspected to have vasculitis. There were 32 males in the RV group and 38 among
the RA patients.
47. Harris et al. (A-45) conducted a study to compare the efficacy of anterior colporrhaphy and retropubic
urethropexy performed for genuine stress urinary incontinence. The subjects were 76 women
who had undergone one or the other surgery. Subjects in each group were comparable in age, social
status, race, parity, and weight. In 22 of the 41 cases reported as cured the surgery had been performed
by attending staff. In 10 of the failures, surgery had been performed by attending staff. All
other surgeries had been performed by resident surgeons.