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REVIEW QUESTIONS AND EXERCISES 383
Group
3.0 70.5
3.0 69.0
3.0 73.8
3.0 74.0
3.0 80.0
Source: Theodore K. Alexandrides,
M.D. Used with permission.
Can we conclude that there is a difference among the means of the three groups If so, which
pairs of means differ Let a = .05 for all tests.
For exercises 34 to 38 do the following:
(a) Indicate which technique studied in this chapter (the completely randomized design, the randomized
block design, the repeated measures design, or the factorial experiment) is appropriate.
(b) Identify the response variable and treatment variables.
(c) As appropriate, identify the factors and the number of levels of each, the blocking variables,
and the subjects.
(d) List any extraneous variables whose effects you think might be included in the error term.
(e) As appropriate, comment on carry-over and position effects.
(f) Construct an ANOVA table in which you indicate the sources of variability and the number
of degrees of freedom for each.
34. Johnston and Bowling (A-35) studied the ascorbic acid content (vitamin C) in several orange juice
products. One of the products examined was ready-to-drink juice packaged in a re-sealable, screwtop
container. One analysis analyzed the juice for reduced and oxidized vitamin C content at time
of purchase and reanalyzed three times weekly for 4 to 5 weeks.
35. A study by Pittini et al. (A-36) assessed the effectiveness of a simulator-based curriculum on 30
trainees learning the basic practice of amniocentesis. Pre- and post-training performance were evaluated
with the same instrument. The outcome variable was the post-training scorepretraining
score. Trainees were grouped by years of postgraduate experience: PGY 0–2, PGY 3–5, Fellows,
and Faculty.
36. Anim-Nyame et al. (A-37) studied three sets of women in an effort to understand factors related
to pre-eclampsia. Enrolled in the study were 18 women with pre-eclampsia, 18 normal pregnant
women, and 18 nonpregnant female matched controls. Blood samples were obtained to measure
plasma levels of vascular endothelial growth factor, leptin, TNF-a
plasma protein concentrations,
and full blood count.
37. In a study by lwamoto et al. (A-38) 26 women were randomly assigned to the medication alfacalcidol
for treatment of lumbar bone mineral density (BMD). BMD of the lumbar spine was measured
at baseline and every year for 5 years.
38. Inoue et al. (A-39) studied donor cell type and genotype on the efficiency of mouse somatic cell
cloning. They performed a factorial experiment with two donor cell types (Sertoli cells or cumulus)
and six genotypes. Outcome variables were the cleavage rate and the birth rate of pups in each
treatment combination.