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SUMMARY OF FORMULAS FOR CHAPTER 3 SUMMARY OF FORMULAS FOR CHAPTER 3 85 Formula Number Name Formula 3.2.1 Classical probability 3.2.2 Relative frequency probability 3.3.1–3.3.3 Properties of probability 3.4.1 Multiplication rule P1E2 = m N P1E2 = m n P1E i 2 Ú 0 P1E 1 2 + P(E 2 ) + Á + P(E n ) = 1 P1E i + E j ) = P(E i ) + P(E j ) P1A ¨ B2 = P1B2P1A ƒ B2 = P1A2P1B ƒ A2 3.4.2 Conditional probability P1A ƒ B2 = P1A ¨ B2 P1B2 3.4.3 Addition rule 3.4.4 Independent events 3.4.5 Complementary events 3.4.6 Marginal Probability Sensitivity of a screening test Specificity of a screening test P1A ´ B2 = P1A2 + P1B2 - P1A ¨ B2 P1A ¨ B2 = P1A2P1B2 P1A 2 = 1 - P1A2 P1A i 2 = a P1A i ¨ B j 2 P1T ƒ D2 = P1T ƒ D2 = a 1a + c2 d 1b + d2 3.5.1 Predictive value positive of a screening test 3.5.2 Predictive value negative of a screening test P1D ƒ T2 = P1D ƒ T2 = P1T ƒ D2P1D2 P1T ƒ D2P1D2 + P1T ƒ D2P1D2 P1T ƒ D2P1D2 P1T ƒ D2P1D2 + P1T ƒ D2P1D2 Symbol Key • D disease • m the number of times an event E i occurs • n sample size or the total number of time a process occurs • N population size or the total number of mutually exclusive and equally likely events (Continued)
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PUBLISHER ACQUISITIONS EDITOR ASSOC
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vi PREFACE Chapter 1 Introduction t
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viii PREFACE Edward Danial David El
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x CONTENTS 6.3 The t Distribution 1
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2 CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION TO BIOSTAT
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10 CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION TO BIOSTA
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20 CHAPTER 2 DESCRIPTIVE STATISTICS
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Page 146: 60 CHAPTER 2 DESCRIPTIVE STATISTICS
Page 158: 66 CHAPTER 3 SOME BASIC PROBABILITY
Page 200: REVIEW QUESTIONS AND EXERCISES 87 (
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Page 208: REFERENCES 91 23. The sensitivity o
Page 212: CHAPTER 4 PROBABILITY DISTRIBUTIONS
Page 216: 4.2 PROBABILITY DISTRIBUTIONS OF DI
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Page 224: EXERCISES 99 distributions of many
Page 228: 4.3 THE BINOMIAL DISTRIBUTION 101 S
Page 232: 4.3 THE BINOMIAL DISTRIBUTION 103 T
Page 236: 4.3 THE BINOMIAL DISTRIBUTION 105 S
Page 240: 4.3 THE BINOMIAL DISTRIBUTION 107 F
Page 244: 4.4 THE POISSON DISTRIBUTION 109 4.
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4.4 THE POISSON DISTRIBUTION 111 wh
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EXERCISES 113 Using commands found
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4.5 CONTINUOUS PROBABILITY DISTRIBU
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4.6 THE NORMAL DISTRIBUTION 117 Thu
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4.6 THE NORMAL DISTRIBUTION 119 FIG
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4.6 THE NORMAL DISTRIBUTION 121 0 2
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4.7 NORMAL DISTRIBUTION APPLICATION
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4.7 NORMAL DISTRIBUTION APPLICATION
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Similarly, for x = 649 we have 4.7
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4.8 SUMMARY 129 (c) Between 100 and
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REVIEW QUESTIONS AND EXERCISES 131
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CHAPTER5 SOME IMPORTANT SAMPLING DI
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5.3 DISTRIBUTION OF THE SAMPLE MEAN
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EXERCISES 145 central limit theorem
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5.4 DISTRIBUTION OF THE DIFFERENCE
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5.5 DISTRIBUTION OF THE SAMPLE PROP
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5.5 DISTRIBUTION OF THE SAMPLE PROP
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EXERCISES 157 old are drawn from th
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REFERENCES 161 29. For each of the
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6.1 INTRODUCTION 163 LEARNING OUTCO
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6.1 INTRODUCTION 165 to m, we know
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6.2 CONFIDENCE INTERVAL FOR A POPUL
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EXERCISES 171 Dialog box: Stat ➤
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to replace s. When the sample size
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6.3 THE t DISTRIBUTION 175 they mea
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EXERCISES 177 reported 3.5 ; 0.4 nL
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6.4 CONFIDENCE INTERVAL FOR THE DIF
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EXERCISES 183 Yes Population normal
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6.7 DETERMINATION OF SAMPLE SIZE FO
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EXERCISES 191 2. Estimates of may b
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EXERCISES 193 greater than, say, .3
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6.9 CONFIDENCE INTERVAL FOR THE VAR
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6.9 CONFIDENCE INTERVAL FOR THE VAR
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6.10 CONFIDENCE INTERVAL FOR THE RA
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6.10 CONFIDENCE INTERVAL FOR THE RA
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6.11 SUMMARY 203 populations of sim
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SUMMARY OF FORMULAS FOR CHAPTER 6 2
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REFERENCES 213 A-8. SILVIA IANNELO,
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CHAPTER7 HYPOTHESIS TESTING CHAPTER
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7.1 INTRODUCTION 217 determine whet
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7.1 INTRODUCTION 219 to reject or n
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7.1 INTRODUCTION 221 8. Statistical
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7.2 HYPOTHESIS TESTING: A SINGLE PO
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EXERCISES 235 WOMAC mean function s
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7.3 HYPOTHESIS TESTING: THE DIFFERE
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EXERCISES 247 in healthy postmenopa
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EXERCISES 249 the local health depa
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7.4 PAIRED COMPARISONS 251 use of r
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percents from the postop percents.
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Paired T-Test and CI: C2, C1 Paired
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EXERCISES 257 Baseline Follow-up Ba
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EXERCISES 261 EXERCISES For each of
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7.8 HYPOTHESIS TESTING: THE RATIO O
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7.8 HYPOTHESIS TESTING: THE RATIO O
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7.9 THE TYPE II ERROR AND THE POWER
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7.10 DETERMINING SAMPLE SIZE TO CON
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54. The objective of a study by Rei
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REFERENCES 301 REFERENCES Methodolo
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REFERENCES 303 Veins Due to Greater
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CHAPTER8 ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE CHAPT
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8.1 INTRODUCTION 307 is variability
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8.2 THE COMPLETELY RANDOMIZED DESIG
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Dependent Variable: Selenium Tukey
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EXERCISES 329 Elbow Angle (Degrees)
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EXERCISES 331 Age Groups (Years) Ag
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EXERCISES 333 Group 1 Group 2 Group
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8.3 THE RANDOMIZED COMPLETE BLOCK D
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x ij (a) Each that is observed cons
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9. Conclusion. If we reject H 0 , w
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8.3 THE RANDOMIZED COMPLETE BLOCK D
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EXERCISES 343 The SAS System Analys
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EXERCISES 345 8.3.3 A remotivation
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8.4 THE REPEATED MEASURES DESIGN 34
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8.4 THE REPEATED MEASURES DESIGN 34
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EXERCISES 351 The ANOVA Procedure D
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8.5 THE FACTORIAL EXPERIMENT 353 Su
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8.5 THE FACTORIAL EXPERIMENT 355 TA
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8.5 THE FACTORIAL EXPERIMENT 357 re
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8.5 THE FACTORIAL EXPERIMENT 359 TA
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8.5 THE FACTORIAL EXPERIMENT 361 5.
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8.5 THE FACTORIAL EXPERIMENT 363 Di
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EXERCISES 365 Percent Compared to T
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EXERCISES 367 Change in Change in F
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SUMMARY OF FORMULAS FOR CHAPTER 8 S
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REFERENCES 405 A-7. FARHAD ATASSI,
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REFERENCES 407 A-44. JIN-R. ZHOU, E
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CHAPTER9 SIMPLE LINEAR REGRESSION A
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9.2 THE REGRESSION MODEL 411 to be
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9.3 THE SAMPLE REGRESSION EQUATION
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EXERCISES 419 The Least-Squares Cri
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EXERCISES 421 CoaguChek Hospital Co
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9.4 EVALUATING THE REGRESSION EQUAT
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9.5 USING THE REGRESSION EQUATION 9
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9.5 USING THE REGRESSION EQUATION 4
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9.6 THE CORRELATION MODEL 441 9.6 T
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9.7 THE CORRELATION COEFFICIENT 443
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EXERCISES 451 is employed. We first
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9.7.3 In the study by Parker et al.
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9.8 SOME PRECAUTIONS 455 X Y X Y 5.
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REFERENCES 483 9. WILLIAM MENDENHAL
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CHAPTER10 MULTIPLE REGRESSION AND C
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10.2 THE MULTIPLE LINEAR REGRESSION
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10.3 OBTAINING THE MULTIPLE REGRESS
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10.3 OBTAINING THE MULTIPLE REGRESS
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EXERCISES 493 EXERCISES Obtain the
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EXERCISES 495 10.3.3 In a study of
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10.4 EVALUATING THE MULTIPLE REGRES
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R 2 R 2 1. and all b N i significan
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EXERCISES 505 of age and has an edu
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10.6 THE MULTIPLE CORRELATION MODEL
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EXERCISES 517 HIV DNA Blood HIV Co-
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SUMMARY OF FORMULAS FOR CHAPTER 10
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REFERENCES 533 4. Refer to the data
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CHAPTER11 REGRESSION ANALYSIS: SOME
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11.1 INTRODUCTION 537 TABLE 11.1.1
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11.2 QUALITATIVE INDEPENDENT VARIAB
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Note in these examples that when th
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EXERCISES 553 age of the subject (y
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EXERCISES 555 11.2.4 Refer to Exerc
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11.3 VARIABLE SELECTION PROCEDURES
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11.3 VARIABLE SELECTION PROCEDURES
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EXERCISES 561 CGAGE CGINCOME CGDUR
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EXERCISES 563 11.3.2 Machiel Naeije
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11.4 LOGISTIC REGRESSION 565 REACTI
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11.4 LOGISTIC REGRESSION 567 betwee
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11.4 LOGISTIC REGRESSION 569 The LO
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11.4 LOGISTIC REGRESSION 571 Standa
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11.4 LOGISTIC REGRESSION 573 Parame
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11.5 SUMMARY 575 Hospital Anxiety a
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REFERENCES 591 A-3. MANOJ PANDEY, L
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CHAPTER12 THE CHI-SQUARE DISTRIBUTI
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12.2 THE MATHEMATICAL PROPERTIES OF
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e equal to zero for each pair of ob
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12.3 TESTS OF GOODNESS-OF-FIT 599 3
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12.3 TESTS OF GOODNESS-OF-FIT 601 C
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12.3 TESTS OF GOODNESS-OF-FIT 603 W
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12.3 TESTS OF GOODNESS-OF-FIT 605 E
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12.3 TESTS OF GOODNESS-OF-FIT 607 E
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12.3 TESTS OF GOODNESS-OF-FIT 609 u
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EXERCISES 611 Test the goodness-of-
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a n 1. n ban .1 n b 12.4 TESTS OF I
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12.4 TESTS OF INDEPENDENCE 615 3. H
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12.4 TESTS OF INDEPENDENCE 617 The
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12.4 TESTS OF INDEPENDENCE 619 EXAM
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EXERCISES 621 EXERCISES In the exer
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12.5 TESTS OF HOMOGENEITY 623 Polic
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12.5 TESTS OF HOMOGENEITY 625 data,
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EXERCISES 627 If we wish to test th
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12.6 THE FISHER EXACT TEST 629 12.5
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, A - a, and B - b are all greater
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EXERCISES 633 Pl * Remained Cross-T
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12.7 RELATIVE RISK, ODDS RATIO, AND
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EXERCISES 647 12.7.2 The objective
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12.8 SURVIVAL ANALYSIS 649 (3) the
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12.8 SURVIVAL ANALYSIS 651 techniqu
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12.8 SURVIVAL ANALYSIS 653 TABLE 12
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cumulative proportion changes from
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12.8 SURVIVAL ANALYSIS 657 TABLE 12
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12.8 SURVIVAL ANALYSIS 659 Means an
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EXERCISES 661 EXERCISES 12.8.1 Fift
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EXERCISES 663 (c) Explain the meani
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SUMMARY OF FORMULAS FOR CHAPTER 12
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REFERENCES 679 19. WENDELL E. CARR,
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A-30. A-31. A-32. A-33. A-34. A-35.
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CHAPTER13 NONPARAMETRIC AND DISTRIB
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13.2 MEASUREMENT SCALES 685 measure
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13.3 THE SIGN TEST 687 TABLE 13.3.1
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13.3 THE SIGN TEST 689 7. Calculati
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13.3 THE SIGN TEST 691 TABLE 13.3.4
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EXERCISES 693 Data: C1: 4 5 8 8 9 6
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13.4 THE WILCOXON SIGNED-RANK TEST
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13.4 THE WILCOXON SIGNED-RANK TEST
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13.5 THE MEDIAN TEST 699 Subject 1
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13.5 THE MEDIAN TEST 701 TABLE 13.5
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13.6 THE MANN-WHITNEY TEST 703 Woul
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13.6 THE MANN-WHITNEY TEST 705 TABL
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13.6 THE MANN-WHITNEY TEST 707 FIGU
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EXERCISES 709 Mann-Whitney-Wilcoxon
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13.7 THE KOLMOGOROV-SMIRNOV GOODNES
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13.8 THE KRUSKAL-WALLIS ONE-WAY ANA
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EXERCISES 723 Young (19-50 Years) S
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13.9 THE FRIEDMAN TWO-WAY ANALYSIS
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13.9 THE FRIEDMAN TWO-WAY ANALYSIS
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13.10 THE SPEARMAN RANK CORRELATION
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EXERCISES 739 Duration of Follow-Up
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13.11 NONPARAMETRIC REGRESSION ANAL
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13.12 SUMMARY 743 36.4046 59.15 39.
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REFERENCES 761 8. W. H. KRUSKAL and
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CHAPTER14 VITAL STATISTICS CHAPTER
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2. Ratio. A ratio is a fraction of
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14.2 DEATH RATES AND RATIOS 767 TAB
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14.2 DEATH RATES AND RATIOS 769 Som
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EXERCISES 771 EXERCISES 14.2.1 The
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14.3 MEASURES OF FERTILITY 773 1. C
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EXERCISES 775 Age of Number of Birt
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14.5 SUMMARY 777 4. Immaturity rati
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REFERENCES 783 A-7. Georgia Divisio
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APPENDIX STATISTICAL TABLES List of
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APPENDIX STATISTICAL TABLES A-3 TAB
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TABLE B (continued ) APPENDIX STATI
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TABLE C (continued ) APPENDIX STATI
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TABLE D (continued ) APPENDIX STATI
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APPENDIX STATISTICAL TABLES A-41 TA
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TABLE G (continued ) APPENDIX STATI
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TABLE H (continued ) APPENDIX STATI
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TABLE J (continued ) APPENDIX STATI
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TABLE K (continued ) APPENDIX STATI
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TABLE L (continued ) APPENDIX STATI
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TABLE N (continued ) APPENDIX STATI
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APPENDIX STATISTICAL TABLES A-103 T
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APPENDIX STATISTICAL TABLES A-105 A
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ANSWERS TO ODD-NUMBERED EXERCISES A
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Family error rate = 0.0500 Individu
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The regression equation is WL = 0.7
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S 1.06 1.01 0.990 R-Sq 8.57 18.10 2
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INDEX Numbers preceded by A refer t
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INDEX I-3 H Histogram, 25-27 Hypoth
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INDEX I-5 Rate, 764-765 Ratio, 765
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