Safety_Series_041_1975 - gnssn - International Atomic Energy ...

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This publication is no longer valid Please see http://www.ns-iaea.org/standards/ T A B L E X X V I. C E G B N U C L E A R P O W E R ST A T IO N B R A D W E L L M a te ria l S a m p lin g frequ en cy Sam p lin g lo ca tio n A nalysis Fish M onthly B lack w ater Estuary T o ta l beta Oysters M onthly Tw o oyster beds at about -3 and 5 m iles from station Includes 65Z n , llornAg T o ta l b eta a c tiv ity Seaw eed Q u arterly Shore, about g m ile upstream " T o ta l b eta a c tiv ity plus g am m a sp ec, sca n S ilt Q u arterly 3 points: one upstream , one M ilk Fortn ightly sa m p le tak en from m ilk on day o f c o lle c tio n Portion bulked by zones, rem ain d er bulked by farm s o v er quarterly period dow nstream , one near site 1 farm in in n er zone ( 0 - 2 m ile s) 5 farm s in m id d le zone ( 2 - 5 m ile s) 4 farm s in outer zone ( 1 5 -2 0 m iles) T o ta l b e ta a c tiv ity , g am m a sp ec, scan plus g am m a d o se -ra te ov ersam p lin g point 131 j 90(, 89 ,, , . 1 3 7 „ Sr, Sr, c a lc iu m , Cs 110 APPENDIX IV S o il co res Every fiv e years for c o m p le te c y c le Inner and m id d le zone farm s T o ta l b eta a c tiv ity plus g am m a sp ec, scan T a ck y shades 2 m onthly Four in n er sites (2 shades per site) Four outer sites (2 shades per site) G am m a s p e c .s c a n on un treated shades. Hard and soft b e ta a c tiv ity on ashed sam ples (d iffe re n tia ted by absorber p en etratio n )
This publication is no longer valid Please see http://www.ns-iaea.org/standards/ APPENDIX IV 111 nuclear power stations of the CEGB, and UKAEA Windscale. In the case of the Radiochemical Centre Amersham the discharge of liquid radioactive waste to the River Thames is indirect, the actual discharge being initially to the local sewers passing to the Maple Lodge Sewage Disposal Works. Liquid effluent from the latter discharges into the River Colne, which joins the Thames above London's waterworks. Monitoring program m es conducted by the Fisheries Radiobiological Laboratory, Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food [23T In the United Kingdom there are now seventeen sites in whose environments the laboratory has program m es for monitoring radioactive wastes. Although the discharges from some sites — particularly power stations — are sim ilar in both content and com position, no two situations are identical. This is a reflection of the diversity of the environmental factors which are involved, and the monitoring requirements vary accordingly. Monitoring schem es in practice The degree of radiological exposure from discharges in the United Kingdom varies considerably; the maximum at present is from Windscale discharges, and at the other end of the scale it is unmeasurable by any method even for som e sites discharging substantial quantities of radioactivity. The application of the principles discussed above can be illustrated by practical examples, which can be divided into three categories according to the degree of public radiation exposure. (A) Where exposure is either a significant fraction of the derived working lim it or can at least be estimated directly because critical m aterials are measurably contaminated (B) Where a quantitative estimate can be made only by referring to indicator m aterials, contamination of critical m aterials being below detectable levels (C) Where no quantitative estimate can be made by any method, radioactivity from the discharge being undetectable in any environmental m aterial. (A) Exposure measurable by sampling critical m aterials This category applies particularly to m ajor discharges such as those from the fuel reprocessing plants at Windscale and
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