Safety_Series_041_1975 - gnssn - International Atomic Energy ...

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SECTION IV 9
The environm ental and effluent m onitoring data would, in
turn, contribute inform ation which w ill be useful in the
p eriod ic review ing of the referen ce lev els, such as derived
w orking lim its re fe rre d to in 'p a ra .406 of this section.
404. The identification o f critica l groups and c r itica l pathways
perm its the developm ent of the m ost effective and econ om ica l
environm ental m onitoring p rogram m es. The p re-op era tion a l
investigation m ay not, how ever, o ffe r sufficient data for
p rop er identification of the c r itica l group, and assum ptions
must th erefore be made on the basis of general knowledge
and the exp erien ce gained in other p rog ra m m es. The tentative
nature of the identifications made at this stage and the
p ossib ility o f other population groups and environm ental
pathways being critic a l should be kept in mind. The results
o f environm ental m onitoring follow ing the start of operation
shall be used to con firm o r amend the con clu sion s drawn on
the basis o f p re-op era tion a l data. Am ong oth ers, any co n ­
clusions regarding the p ossible m ovem ent through the
environm ent of radioactive elem ents and tran sfer rates from
the. medium to different m a trices should be v erified by
m easurem ent of the radioactive elem ents after the start of
op eration s. P eriod ic review of the resu lts of m onitoring
p rogram m es is a lso highly d esira b le.
405. P re-op era tion a l investigations n ecessa ry for estim ating the
dose from planned relea ses a:nd for the establishm ent of
lim its and conditions of radioactive relea ses from an in sta llation
to the environm ent include the study of the follow ing:
(a) The types and activities of nuclides that w ill be relea sed ,
their p h ysical and ch em ical fo rm s, the method and route
o f such relea se and the rates of relea ses (m inim um ,
average, and maximum)
(b) The m ovem ent o f the relevant elem ents through en viron ­
m ental pathways together with their dilution o r re c o n ­
centration, and seasonal variations of such m ovem ents
(c) Natural and a rtificia l features of the environm ent that
affect the m ovem ent of the elem ents such as g eolog ica l,
h yd rologica l, m eteorolog ica l conditions, vegetation and
the p resen ce of w ater re s e r v o ir s and harbours
(d) The utilization of the environm ent fo r agricu ltu re, water
and food su pplies, industry and recreation
(e) The distribution of the population a ccord in g to age and sex,
and dietary, occupational; d om estic and recrea tion a l habits